Carolasee
The Carolasee , with a surface area of around 2.8 hectares , is a large body of still water in the Great Garden in the Saxon state capital Dresden . It is located in the southeast of the park on Tiergartenstrasse and is fed by the Kaitzbach and the Kaitzbach flood ditch that branches off from it . Approximately at the level of Oskarstrasse, which opens into Tiergartenstrasse, there is a narrow point with a bridge that leads to the Carolaschlösschen restaurant and further into the park. The namesake of the lake and restaurant was the last Saxon Queen Carola(1833–1907) - wife of King Albert , whose successors were widowed ( Georg ) or separated ( Friedrich August ).
history
During the Seven Years' War , the Prussians built entrenchments in 1760 southeast of the city near the village of Strehlen . The road construction material necessary for the park was taken from a gravel pit opened in this area at the beginning of the 19th century . In the early 1870s "it supplied no longer suitable material for the aforementioned purpose, and it was necessary to dig a new pit near Pirnaische Strasse ." The area of the pit with surrounding entrenchments and old pheasant ditches remained unused for the time being The desert ground covered with sand and stones grew isolated debris.
The young garden director Friedrich Bouché was given the opportunity in 1874 with the approval of a separate budget for the Great Garden to extensively renew it and to have additions made. In the spring of 1881, the Royal Ministry of Finance approved the plans submitted by Bouché to redesign the area around the former gravel pit. Since the Palais Pond at the Summer Palace was only a larger area of water in the Great Garden, the gravel pit was to be turned into a lake . The preparatory work (unplugging the plan, leveling, etc.) took place in the summer and extensive earthworks took place from November of that year. Up to December 100 to 120 men were busy bringing the area to the necessary depth and creating a level ground. The short winter made it possible to continue working in January 1882. Afterwards, footpaths were laid, plantings made and some bridges built that spanned parts of the future lake.
The most cost-intensive point began at the end of March in three work divisions with the sealing work on the ground and the banks. For this purpose, about 2200 m³ of clay from cotta were applied depending on the terrain in a layer up to 18 cm thick, which was covered with a 2 cm thick layer of sieved gravel and then 10-15 cm pebbles. Since groundwater would only have been reached after more than seven meters, a 205 meter long clay pipe stretch was laid to the Kaitzbach . Only a limited amount of this was allowed to be taken for filling, which also served to supply the Palais pond. The third working part of the lake was filled in mid-June 1882. Existing stands of old oaks, ash trees and birches had been carefully filled with topsoil and sealed so that they protruded out of the lake as islands, which measured 13,200 m² in the preliminary final state and was 1.70 m deep at normal water level.
The costs of 17,500 marks (around 130,200 euros in today's purchasing power) were largely paid in advance by M. and P. Gasse, who leased the Carolasee for seven years. In the opinion of the Dresdner Anzeiger of November 21, 1882, "a friendly lake is now smiling at us, [...] which [...] makes a most graceful impression on the viewer." At that time the tenants had already used carp, pond trout should follow. Already in the first season, boats drove across the lake and on the peninsula there was a buffet building as a small excursion restaurant, another building for the cloakroom and cash register for the ice rink, which will open in winter, was still under construction. The Carolasee was via newly created footpaths from the station of the Neumarkt – Zool horse-drawn tram line . The garden can be reached in two to four minutes.
In 1886, the Carola lake was expanded to the northwest in the direction of Querallee , where it received its current shape. The buffet building on the peninsula, known as the Krähenhütte , was demolished in 1895 and in the same year was given a successor in the neo-Renaissance style, the Carolaschlösschen .
The lake was also given a fountain in 1895. It was originally fed by a waterworks near Querallee. After the Second World War , only a small fountain was in operation, which was connected to the drinking water supply. In 1992 a free-floating pontoon system with ground anchors was built, which can be lowered to the bottom of the lake in winter for undisturbed ice-skating. Since then, the fountain system has consisted of an approximately 13 meter high central fountain and 17 external fountains that are around four meters high. There are also ten headlights with a hundred watts each. The pump shaft is on the bank, from where the pontoons can also be steered. In autumn 2009 the drive control was renewed, the two drives of the fountains can now work alternately or together in different, permanently programmed scenes. Your performance can be adjusted continuously.
The pioneer railway opened in 1950, today's Dresden Park Railway , was expanded in its second season and was given the stop at Bahnhof Frieden am Carolasee , now at Carolasee . The barriers at the level crossing next to it are operated by means of muscle power by the gatekeepers , who may come from among the ranks of the trained students.
The almost complete destruction of the Carolaschlösschen during the air raids on 13/14 In February 1945 , a provisional reconstruction followed after the war and it was initially used again as a restaurant, later as a self-service bar. The reopening after the forced closure in 1995 and the subsequent renovation based on the historical model took place in 1999. In 2003/2004 the building was raised by one floor.
The flood of the century in August 2002 and repeated strong floods in June 2013 flooded large parts of the Great Garden. Extensive maintenance work began in autumn 2014, including desludging the larger part to the east of the bridge, refurbishing the fountain and reinforcing and renewing the bank. Completion was planned by Easter 2015, which was further favored by the mild winter, but the amount of sludge deposited in the lake was significantly larger than expected, so that the work took around a month longer.
fauna
Of the 158 bird species that have been recorded in the Great Garden since 1885, 72 have shown that they also breed there. In addition to mute swans ( Cygnus olor ), the white rail ( Fulica atra ) and the mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ) live on the Carolasee and on the canal chain to the Neuteich . The neozoa wood duck ( Aix sponsa ) and mandarin duck ( Aix galericulata ) occur in smaller populations. As latching water outside the breeding period of the lake, among others, is tufted ( Aythya fuligula ) and Tafelente ( Aythya ferina ) and to a lesser extent pintail ( Anas acuta ), Moorente ( Aythya nyroca ) and Samtente ( Melanitta fusca accepted).
Children's dance
The nursery rhyme We drive on the green lake, where the little fish swim and the girl sang in rows of rings , known in different German regions with varying texts, was given a variant with the Carolasee in Dresden by the mid-1890s at the latest:
Over at the Carolasee, where the fish swim,
my whole heart is happy with joy and singing.
Holla, holla, we are here,
the goldfish, the goldfish that follows me!
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ The Dresden themed city map shows an area of 27,807.40 m².
- ↑ a b The Carolasee in Königl. Big garden . In: Dresdner Anzeiger . No. 325 , November 21, 1882, pp. 17 (fourth annex) .
- ↑ Eberhard Grundmann, Jörg-R. Oesen: The most beautiful fountains in and around Dresden. SAXO'Phon edition Sächsische Zeitung, Dresden 2010. P. 13. ISBN 978-3-938325-72-8 .
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^ Park railroaders. In: Grosser-Garten-Dresden.de. State Palaces, Castles and Gardens of Saxony , accessed January 22, 2018 . Franziska Lange: Three railway workers in one go. In: Saxon newspaper . July 29, 2011, accessed January 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Carolaschlösschen. In: Stadtwiki Dresden. May 2, 2008, accessed March 12, 2015 .
- ↑ Genia Bleier: Neuteich and the chain of canals in the Great Garden are being renovated. In: Dresdner Latest News . September 16, 2014, accessed February 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Genia Bleier: Four construction sites in the Great Garden - SIB is investing almost 2 million euros. In: Dresdner Latest News. January 20, 2015, accessed February 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Marcus Herrmann: New ways for the large garden. In: Saxon newspaper. June 3, 2015, accessed January 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Jakob Reif: Bird watching in Saxony: Great Garden Dresden. Association of Saxon Ornithologists V., accessed on March 12, 2015 .
- ↑ 169. Fishing on the Sea or the Double Circle . In: Franz Magnus Böhme (Hrsg.): German children's song and children's game: folk traditions from all countries with the German tongue . Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1897, p. 468 f . ( Digitized version ; version in the folk song archive ). Böhme refers as evidence to Adolf Netsch: Spielbuch für Mädchen . Carl Meyer, Hanover 1895, p. 141 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 59.8 ″ N , 13 ° 45 ′ 48 ″ E