Carl Emeis

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Carl Emeis

Christian Sophus Johannes Carl Emeis (born January 31, 1831 near Flensburg ( Kluesries ); † March 2, 1911 in Flensburg) was a German provincial forest director , pioneer of soil melioration and founder of the Heidekulturverein for Schleswig-Holstein.

Life

Memorial stone for Carl Emeis in the Iloo forest between Aukrug and Timmaspe

On the basis of his pedological research in the Segeberger Heide as well as the experiences of Enrico Dalgas (1828-1894) with reforestation in Denmark, Emeis created the theory of the formation of the stone formation and foraging. For the first time, the role of humic acids in the leaching processes was properly appreciated.

In Schleswig-Holstein, amelioration was carried out on a large scale from the beginning of the 1890s. It was only through industrialization that the marl of around 100,000 hectares on the Schleswig Geest (until 1914) and the breaking of the local stone with deep plows became possible. In the 19th century, Emeis was commissioned by the provincial government at the time to forested North Frisia , as northern Germany was only sparsely covered with forest. During this targeted reforestation campaign, u. a. the Langenberger Forest . Until his retirement in 1907, he created the provincial forests in the districts of Südtondern, Husum and Rendsburg. In these areas, 2,821 hectares of new forest were planted on the heather and wasteland.

At Süderlügum and Leck he purposefully acquired contiguous areas in order to create effective wind protection for the agricultural areas behind by reforestation. In total, he created a forest area of ​​around 17,000 hectares in Schleswig-Holstein together with his son and his successor in office. He died in his Villa Silvana in Flensburg in 1911 and was buried in the mill cemetery.

Heath Culture Association

Emeis founded the Haide-Cultur-Verein für Schleswig-Holstein (Heidekulturverein) in Rendsburg on December 20, 1871 , which became a pioneer for other regional cultural associations. Until 1907 he was a member of the board there. Forward-looking were his ideas for the care of private and farm forests as well as the establishment of silvicultural associations and forest cooperatives that he proposed. On March 25, 1874, the first Schleswig-Holstein Forest Association was founded in Aukrug . Through the work of the forest association, the forest area in the Aukrug has almost doubled from 490 ha (1874) to 930 ha (1906) in about 30 years.

Emeis culture

Discount culture according to Emeis in the Iloo forest between Aukrug and Timmaspe
Emeis culture from 1880 in Iloo Forest

To remove the local stone, Carl Emeis developed a process that was used especially up until the introduction of the steam plow : the border culture , also known as the Emeis culture or Emeisian border culture . Before using the steam plow to remove the stone to a depth of min. 65 cm, with good soil conditions up to 80 cm, the Hanoverian horse Rajol plow was used, which could plow 12 to 16 horses drawn up to 35–40 cm deep. For the cultivation and afforestation of very moist heathland and locations where the Ortstein was deeper, Emeis developed a system in which parallel trenches were created at a depth of 0.90 to 1.00 m at a distance of eight meters from trench center to trench center were 1.20 m wide at the top and 1.00 m wide at the bottom. The steep trench walls were necessary in order to gain the healthy soil under the local stone for covering the earth dams between the trenches.

Others

A street in Leck is named after him. In the Iloo forest (coordinates: 54 ° 6 ′ 29.5 ″  N , 9 ° 52 ′ 13.4 ″  E ) near Neumünster and in the Langenberger forest near the Ochsenweg , memorial stones are dedicated to him.

Works

  • The inclined planting in forestry operations. In: General forest u. Hunting newspaper. 1899, p. 185.
  • General information about forest, moor and heath in Schleswig-Holstein. Springer Verlag, 1873.
  • Silvicultural research and observations. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1875.
  • On the question of afforestation in Haiden in Schleswig-Holstein. Wilster, Schwarck 1881. (Published as a supplement to the journal of the Haide-Kultur-Verein für Schleswig-Holstein)
  • On the forest culture on the Oedlande in Schleswig-Holstein. In: General forest and hunting newspaper. LXXXV, 1907, pp. 402-410.

literature

  • Walter Baaske: Appreciation of the Windschutzverband company. In: Dithmarschen: Journal for regional studies and home care. New series, special issue, 1979, p. 2.
  • Hans Beeck: Do we always use the experience of our forefathers? (A contribution to the history of drifting sand control). In: Dithmarschen: Journal for regional studies and home care. New series, special issue, 1979, pp. 18-20.
  • Eckart Dege In: Jürgen H. Ibs, Björn Hansen, Olav Vollstedt: Historical Atlas Schleswig-Holstein - 1867–1954 publisher Society for Schleswig-Holstein History. Wachholtz, Neumünster 2001, ISBN 3-529-02446-5 .
  • Walter Hase : The forests of the former Schleswig-Holstein Provincial Association and their founder, Forest Director Carl Emeis. In: Yearbook for the Schleswigsche Geest (JbSG). No. 24, 1976, pp. 102-114.
  • Walter Hase: Outline of the forest and forest history of Schleswig-Holstein in the last millennium. In: Schr. Naturwiss. Ver. Schleswig-Holst. Volume 53, Dec 1983, pp. 83-124.
  • Walter Hase, Hans Siebenbaum: Carl Emeis. In: Biographical Lexicon for Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck . Volume 8, Wachholtz, Neumünster 1982/2011, p. 90.
  • Hubertus Neuschäffer: History of forest and forest in Schleswig-Holstein and the old Rendsburg forest with the Barlohe Forestry Office. Möller, Rendsburg 1986.
  • H. Gerhard: Carl Emeis and the Schleswig-Holstein forest problems. In: General forest and hunting newspaper. 1955.
  • Georg Reimer: The History of the Aukrugs. edited by Heinrich Bünger. 3rd, expanded edition. Verlag Möller Sons, Rendsburg 1978.
  • Max Rohwedder: The Jägersburger Heide. In: Dithmarschen: Journal for regional studies and home care. Issue 3/4, 1955.
  • Emil Stolze: Cultures of the border and their successes. In: magazine f. Forest and Hunting. 1912, pp. 26-33.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Emeis, Christian Sophus Johannes Carl. In: Nordfriesland-Datenbank.de. Nordfiisk Instituut, archived from the original on April 29, 2010 ; accessed on March 29, 2014 .
  2. ^ Walter Hase: Outline of the forest and forest history of Schleswig-Holstein in the last millennium.
  3. ↑ Yearbook for the Schleswig Geest. Vol. 24, 1976, p. 109.
  4. ↑ The story of the Aukrugs. 1978, p. 155.
  5. ^ "Fish ponds" from the Langenberger Forest. sh: z of September 21, 2009.
personal data
SURNAME Emeis, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Emeis, Christian Sophus Johannes Carl (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German provincial forest director
DATE OF BIRTH January 31, 1831
PLACE OF BIRTH Flensburg
DATE OF DEATH March 2, 1911
Place of death Flensburg