Carl Jacob Jucker

Carl Jacob Jucker (born August 22, 1902 in Zurich ; † January 7, 1997 in Schaffhausen ) was a Swiss silversmith and industrial designer .

Life

Table lamp by Carl Jacob Jucker and Wilhelm Wagenfeld, 1923

After completing a four-year silversmith's apprenticeship at the Zurich School of Applied Arts in 1922, he went to the Bauhaus in Weimar as a student . In 1922 he completed the preliminary course with Georg Muche and then began training in the metal workshop. Here he met Wilhelm Wagenfeld , with whom he developed the glass version of the Bauhaus lamp in 1923 . He left the Bauhaus in 1923 and then worked in the Swiss silver goods factory Jezler in Schaffhausen, where he designed cutlery collections in particular for five decades. He designed the Windsor and La Reine cutlery series . Jucker later worked as a trade teacher in Zurich and Schaffhausen. In Schaffhausen, he was Vice President of the Kunstverein in the 1940s.

Work at the Bauhaus

After the preliminary course with Georg Muche, Jucker switched to the metal workshop, which was headed by Bauhaus members Christian Dell and László Moholy-Nagy . The lessons at Dell inspired him to develop his first lighting designs for the Weimar model house Am Horn . He preferred to use technical materials in his designs, such as glass and metal, mirrored light bulbs and reflectors. In his first year in the metal workshop, he worked on prototypes of a geometrically simple and functional table lamp, which Wilhelm Wagenfeld presented at the Leipzig trade fair in 1924 at a retail price of 18 marks. Functional elements such as the power supply were incorporated into the design by Juckers. So he led the power cable visibly through a lamp shaft made of glass. The lamp consists of the geometric elements characteristic of the Bauhaus: circular base plate, cylindrical lamp shaft, pull switch with a metal ball and a lampshade made of opal glass or Jena glass in the shape of a 5/8 ball. Jucker is considered to be one of the first Bauhaus students to design table lamps made of glass.

Postage stamp pad of the Deutsche Bundespost (1998) with the Bauhaus lamp WG24 (Wagenfeld is the only author named here)

In contrast to Jucker's table lamp, Wilhelm Wagenfeld's design was characterized by the use of nickel-plated metal for the design of the lamp base and shaft. In 1927 the lamp went into series production and is considered one of the style icons of the Bauhaus, which is currently being produced by the Bremen company Tecnolumen as replicas in both material versions . The artistic authorship of the Bauhaus lamp is still controversial due to the lack of documents. For the variant with the glass shaft, Jucker and Wagenfeld are given in the more recent literature, whereby Jucker’s share includes the development of the glass base, the lamp shaft and the visible thread, while Wagenfeld designed the glass dome, its holder and the metal tube in the glass shaft. The lamp base with the glass shaft was also used for other lamp designs by Wagenfeld.

In 1967 Jucker fundamentally revised the lamp for a replica by the Italian company Imago dp , especially in the area of ​​the thread. The same company manufactured another swiveling table lamp and a set of a table and floor lamp by Jucker from 1923.

The pull-out electric wall lamp designed by Jucker in 1923, about which Moholy-Nagy judged:

".. more like a dinosaur than a commodity."

- Moholy-Nagy : State Bauhaus 1919–1923, Weimar 1923

The Berlin Bauhaus Archive owns a small samovar from Jucker , which he made in 1922 (?). In addition, during his short time at the Bauhaus as a trained silversmith, Karl Jacob Jucker worked on the development of tubular steel furniture, which Marcel Breuer later led to series production.

literature

• Magdalena Droste: The Bauhaus lamp by Carl Jacob Jucker and Wilhelm Wagenfeld , Design Classics series, Frankfurt a. M. 1997.
• Arthur Rüegg (Ed.): Swiss Furniture and Interiors in the 20th Century , Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin 2002, ISBN 978-3-7643-6482-3 .
• Herbert Bayer : Sample sheet table lamp ME 1 , from: Catalog of samples , Weimar 1925.
• Fredi Ehrat: On the death of Carl J. Jucker , Schaffhauser Nachrichten, January 23, 1997.

Web links

Commons : Carl Jacob Jucker  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Schaffhausen is also given as the place of birth in the literature. Source: Arthur Rüegg (Ed.): Swiss Furniture and Interiors in the 20th Century , Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin 2002, ISBN 978-3-7643-6482-3 , p. 429.
2. ^ Bauhaus Archive Berlin (ed.): The Bauhaus Collection . Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-922613-53-4 , p. 106.f.
3. ↑ emuseum.ch: Carl Jakob Jucker, Biography (Zurich University of the Arts, Museum for Design Zurich & Archive ZHdK) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 16, 2015. 
4. ↑ zeitlos-berlin.de: The creation of an icon: The Bauhaus lamp , accessed on October 16, 2015.
5. ↑ Magdalena Droste: bauhaus 1919-1933 . Taschen, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-8228-4999-5 , p. 80.f.
6. ↑ Herbert Bayer: Sample sheet table lamp ME 2 , from: Catalog of samples , Weimar 1925.
7. ↑ emuseum.ch: Carl Jakob Jucker, Biography (Zurich University of the Arts, Museum for Design Zurich & Archive ZHdK ) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 16, 2015. 
8. ^ Jeannine Fiedler, Peter Feierabend: Bauhaus , Könemann, Cologne 1999, ISBN 3-89508-600-2 , p. 630.
9. ↑ galerie-bausmann.de: Rare table lamp WG 28 by Carl Jacob Jucker and Wilhelm Wagenfeld , accessed on October 16, 2015.
10. ↑ visavu.nl: Carl Jacob Jucker - Bauhaus lamp ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 16, 2015. 
11. ↑ Auction catalog: Floor and table lamp 1923 by Carl Jacob Jucker , accessed on October 16, 2015.
12. ↑ tribu-design.com: Karl Jacob Jucker: Wall lamp 1923 , accessed on October 16, 2015.
13. ^ André Müller: bauhaus-archiv museum for design: Karl Jacob Jucker. (No longer available online.) In: www27.bb-one.net. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on October 16, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.