Carl Wiman

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Carl Johann Josef Ernst Wiman (born March 10, 1867 in Husby-Odensala, in the archipelago near Stockholm , † July 15, 1944 ) was a Swedish paleontologist. He was the first professor of paleontology at Uppsala University .

Life

Wiman studied in Uppsala from 1888, made his candidate degree there in 1891 and received his doctorate in paleontology in 1885. He dealt with fossils of the Silurian , Ordovician and Cambrian in Sweden and especially graptolites for which he developed new preparation methods. From 1901 to 1903 he took part in the Swedish Antarctic expedition under Otto Nordenskjöld , where he found fossil penguins in the Old Tertiary of Seymour Island and subsequently turned to vertebrate palaeontology. In 1908 he participated in the Spitsbergen expedition by Gerald de Geer part and organized later expeditions to Spitsbergen (and other parts of the Arctic and the Bear Island ), where he, among other vertebrate fossils (fish, reptiles, amphibians) and brachiopods of carbon and ichthyosaurs of Trias of Svalbard collected and described. He founded the Paleontological Museum in Uppsala and became Professor of Paleontology there in 1910 (with a personal professorship, from 1922 as a full professor of paleontology and historical geology).

He also described dinosaur fossils that he received from China and New Mexico . Wiman was the first to suggest that the bone cone on the skull of hadrosaurs such as Parasaurolophus served as a resonance body to produce sounds.

The extinct penguins Archaeosphniscus wimani and Palaeospheniscus wimani , the fossil turtle Dracochelys wimani , the ichthyosaur Wimanius and the sauropod Borealosaurus wimani were named after him .

In the group of dendroid graptolites (Dendroidea), relatives of the wing gills that form extinct tubular colonies, Wiman distinguished three types of counters in the residential tube structure (Wiman's rule): car dealers (probably opening for the individual male animal), bit counting (probably opening for the female Individual animals) and stolonotheques that contain the connecting soft tissue cord (stolon).

He was a member since 1912, since 1935 honorary member of the Paleontological Society and since 1926 a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . In 1925 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Cape Wiman in Antarctica has been named after him since 1957 .

In 2011, the canine tooth of a Peking man ( Homo erectus ) was found in the Uppsala archives . It was sent to Wiman by Johan Gunnar Andersson in the 1920s , but remained unnoticed for decades. The find caused a sensation, as most of the fossils of the Peking man found in 1941 in what was then Japanese- occupied northern China were lost as a result of the war in World War II .

Fonts

  • Ichthyosaurs from the Svalbard Triassic. In: Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, 10, 1910, pp. 124-148
  • About the occiput of the labyrinthodont. In: Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, 12, 1913, pp. 1-8
  • About the Stegocephalen from the Trias of Svalbard. In: Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, 13, 1914, pp. 1-34
  • New stegocephalic finds from the Posidonomya schist from Spitzbergen. In: Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, 13, 1916, pp. 209-222.
  • A new reptile order from the Svalbard Triassic. In: Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Upsala, 22, 1929, pp. 183-196.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Preliminary information on the ancient tertiary vertebrates of Seymour Island . In: Bulletin of the Geological Institution of Uppsala , Volume 6, 1905, pp. 247-253
  2. ↑ Ichthyosaurs from the Spitzbergen triad . In: Bulletin of the Geological Institution of Uppsala , 1910
  3. ↑ Wiman: Die Kreide Dinosaurier aus Shantung , Palaentologia Sinica, C, Volume 6, Issue 1, 1930, pp. 1-67
  4. ↑ Wiman: About Ceratopsia from the Upper Cretaceous New Mexico . In: Acta Regiae Soc. Scient. Upsaliensis , A, Series 4, Volume 7, 1930, pp. 1-19, describing Pentaceratops fenestratus . Wiman: Parasaurolophus tubicen, n. Sp. from the chalk in New Mexico . In: Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Scient. Upsaliensis , Ser. 4, Volume 7, 1931, pp. 1-11, describing Parasaurolophus tubicen , a hadrosaur.
  5. ↑ Julia Fahlke: Graptolites and Stratigraphy . Or Lehmann, Hillmer: Invertebrates of the past . 3. Edition. Enke Verlag, 1991, p. 242
  6. ^ Paläontologische Zeitschrift , 1, Issue 1, March 1914
  7. ^ Member entry by Carl Wiman at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 22, 2015.
  8. ^ A new tooth of Peking Man. On: evolutionsmuseet.uu.se from March 2011
  9. ^ Martin Kundrat et al .: New Tooth of Peking Man Recognized in Laboratory at Uppsala University. In: Acta Anthropologica Sinica. Volume 34, No. 1, 2015, pp. 131–136, doi: 10.16359 / j.cnki.cn11-1963 / q.2015.0015 , full text (PDF; Chinese, English)
personal data
SURNAME Wiman, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wiman, Carl Johann Josef Ernst (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish paleontologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 10, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Husby-Odensala
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1944