Carlos Lacerda

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Carlos Lacerda

Carlos Frederico Werneck de Lacerda (born April 30, 1914 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ; † May 21, 1977 ibid) was a Brazilian journalist , writer and politician who was governor of the then state of Guanabara between 1960 and 1965 .

Life

Lacerda, son of the politician and writer Maurício Paiva de Lacerda and his wife Olga Caminhoá Werneck, was on his father's side a grandson of Sebastião Eurico Gonçalves de Lacerda , who was Brazil's Minister of Transport between 1897 and 1898. On his mother's side, he was a great-grandson of the physician and botanist Joaquim Monteiro Caminhoá. In 1929 he began to study law and social sciences at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), where he was involved in the academic society Centro Acadêmico Cândido de Oliveira (CACO). Due to his political activities, he was de-registered from the university in 1932. Due to the political influence of his father and his two uncles Paulo Paiva de Lacerda and Fernando Paiva de Lacerda, he joined the Communist Party PCB ( Partido Comunista Brasileiro ) . In the course of the Brazilian revolution in 1930 and in January 1931, he first took part in actions against the dictatorial ruling President Getúlio Vargas in Rio de Janeiro and Santos , which, however , were uncovered by the police chief and MP João Batista Luzardo appointed by Vargas . In March 1934 he was one of the founders of the National Liberation Alliance ANL ( Aliança Nacional Libertadora ) , which stood up against fascism , imperialism and integralism . At this time he wrote a report under the pseudonym "Marcos" about Manuel Congo, who led a slave revolt in Rio de Janeiro in 1839 and was killed in the process. After participating in the failed communist uprising in 1935, he hid with relatives in Vassouras before breaking away from the communist movement in 1939. In 1939 he worked as a journalist for the newspaper O Observador Econômico e Financeiro .

In the following years Lacerda joined the National Democratic Union IDN ( União Democrática Nacional ) founded in 1945 and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies (Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil) and City Council of Rio de Janeiro in 1947 , of which he was a member until 1955. He remained an opponent of President Vargas and acted as the main coordinator of the opposition against his re-election in 1950. In particular, he wrote articles directed against Vargas in the Tribuna da Imprensa newspaper, which he founded in 1949 . As a result, on August 5, 1954, Vargas commissioned his long-time companion Gregório Fortunato, head of the guard at the presidential palace, to assassinate Lacerda. However, only Lacerda's companion, Major of the Air Force Rubens Florentino Vaz, was killed in the attack. This was the political end for the dictator: In addition to the general turmoil caused by the attack, he had strengthened his opponent and put the air force in open rebellion. Vargas rejected demands for resignation. On August 23, he was again asked to resign in an open letter from 27 army generals , including some military friends who were friends. Without the backing of the military , Vargas lost all hope and, on the morning of August 24th, took his own life with a pistol shot in the heart.

In 1955 Lacerda was one of the opponents of the election of President Juscelino Kubitschek and his vice-president João Goulart , which he also attacked publicly in articles in the following years. In 1956 he was again a member of the Chamber of Deputies. On December 5, 1960, he succeeded José Sette Câmara Filho as governor of the then state of Guanabara , which had emerged from the previous Federal District do Brasil after the capital was moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília in 1960 . He held this post until October 11, 1965, after which the previous lieutenant governor Raphael de Almeida Magalhães took over the post temporarily. During his tenure as governor, he was one of those who supported the resignation of President Jânio Quadros in 1961 and the 1964 military coup that led to the ousting of President João Goulart. In November 1964, however, he joined the Frente Ampla , the united opposition led by Juscelino Kubitschek and João Goulart against the military government of Humberto Castelo Branco . In December 1968 he was arrested by the military government, now headed by Artur da Costa e Silva , and was in the prison of the cavalry regiment of the military police, where he was held for some time in a cell with his former PCB comrade and writer Mário Lago . Until 1975 he was banned from political activity.

Publications

  • A vida de André Gide. A crise do pensamento moderno , translation by Klaus Mann : André Gide and the Crisis of Modern Thought , Emprêsa Gráfica O Cruzeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 1944
  • A missão da imprensa , AGIR, Rio de Janeiro 1950
  • O caminho da liberdade. Discurso na Comissão de Justiça da Câmara dos Deputados , 1957
  • Carreirista da traição , co-author Epitacio Caó, Panfleto, Rio de Janeiro, 1959
  • O poder das idéias. O pensamento político de Carlos Lacerda através de seus pronunciamentos mais importantes , Distribuidora Record, Rio de Janeiro, 1962
  • Reforma agrária. Liberdade e propriedade. Notas taquigráficas do improviso do governador da Guanabara na Convenção Nacional da UDN em Curitiba, Estado do Paraná , Distribuidora Record, Rio de Janeiro, 1963
  • Brasil entre a verdade ea mentira , Bloch Editôres, Rio de Janeiro, 1965
  • Palavras e ação , Distribuidora Record, Rio de Janeiro, 1965
  • Crítica y autocrítica , Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro, 1966
  • Depoimento , Editora Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro 1977
  • Well Tribuna da Imprensa. Crônicas sobre a Constituinte de 1946 , editor Sérgio Braga, Editora Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro, posthumously 2000

Background literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ivanir Yazbeck: O real Itamar: Uma biografia , Verlag Gutemberg, 2011, ISBN 8-5823-5223-9
  2. ↑ Brazilian States (rulers.org)
personal data
SURNAME Lacerda, Carlos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lacerda, Carlos Frederico Werneck de (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Brazilian politician, journalist and writer
DATE OF BIRTH April 30, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Rio de Janeiro
DATE OF DEATH May 21, 1977
Place of death Rio de Janeiro