Carolinum (Nysa)
The former Carolinum grammar school in Neisse (today Nysa in Polish , Opole Voivodeship ) was one of the most famous educational institutions in Silesia . This tradition is continued today by the I. General Education Lyceum “ Jan III. Sobieski “( I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana III Sobieskiego w Nysie ) continued.
history
In 1622 the Jesuit order founded a branch (college) in Neisse. On February 9, 1623, the Breslau bishop and Grand Master of the Teutonic Order , Charles of Austria , founded a Jesuit high school , which was opened on April 23, 1624. As the mayor's widow Anna Gebauer bequeathed her inheritance to the school, St. Anna elected. The mathematician and astronomer Christoph Scheiner was appointed the first rector of the monastery school . The formation of a Jesuit university as a superstructure to the school, which the bishop also intended, was not realized. Because of the high level of education Neisse was also called "Silesian Athens".
The Jesuit School St. Anna was based on the Ratio Studiorum of the order and consisted of five school classes. She enjoyed the highest reputation at the time of Bishop Karl Ferdinand Wasa , the son of the Polish King Sigismund III. Wasa .
During the Thirty Years' War , the seminary building fell victim to the flames in 1642, including the school library with 12,000 volumes. In the years 1656–1657 a new school building was built. Bishop Karl Ferdinand founded the new Jesuit college from 1669 to 1681, which was built according to a design by Peter Schuller from Olomouc . In addition to the college, a Jesuit grammar school was built in 1722–1725 with the support of Bishop Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg . The building was built by the master builder Michael Kleiner based on a design by the Jesuit Christoph Tausch . Both buildings were connected with a grand gate in 1725.
After Neisse and most of Silesia fell to Prussia in 1742 after the First Silesian War , the college lost its importance. Despite the repeal of the Jesuit order by Pope Clement XIV in 1773, the Prussian King Frederick the Great allowed the Jesuits to keep the previous seat. Only after the secularization in 1810 did the monks have to leave the college. The building was modernized, then it was the seat of the Neiss royal catholic grammar school. This was renamed "Carolinum" in 1924 in honor of the founder.
Known students
The most famous students of the St. Anna monastery school and the Carolinum grammar school include u. a .:
- Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki (1640–1673), later King of Poland
- Jakob Louis Heinrich Sobieski (1667–1737), son of the Polish King Johann III. Sobieski
- Rudolf Nissen (1896–1981), surgeon in Berlin, Istanbul, New York and Basel
- Konrad Bloch (1912–2000), biochemist and Nobel Prize winner
architecture
Today's Carolinum building complex consists of two baroque buildings: on the left the Jesuit college (1669–1681), on the right the Jesuit grammar school (1722–1725), connected by a grand gate (1725). The three-story Jesuit college is built on an E-shaped floor plan 89 m long. The three-story high school is 27 m long. The lavishly decorated grand gate connects the buildings 8 m apart.
The facade of the college is structured by Corinthian pilasters as high as a house . Angel heads are visible in the fields above the windows of the 1st floor. The ground floor of the grammar school is designed as a base in the striped basement . The two upper floors are divided by Ionic pilasters.
Two rooms in the college are particularly richly decorated: the auditorium and the library. The auditorium used to serve as a remter for the monks . In this room are u. a .:
- two supraports with putti and flower vases;
- Cartridges framed with draperies ;
- Niches with shells and medallions ;
- Frescoes from the 17th century by Karl Dankwart , depicting biblical scenes, with stucco work by the Italian master Francesco Cigno;
- Depiction of St. Francis Xavier as a missionary in India ;
- Portraits of Pope Clement XI. , Emperor Joseph I. Habsburg , Bishop Karl Ferdinand Wasa and Frederick the Great .
- Images of Saints Paul , Johannes , Jakobus , Aloisius von Gonzaga , Francisco de Borja and Stanislaus Kostka
The school was registered on October 15, 1958 under 491/58 in the register of architectural monuments of the Opole Voivodeship.
literature
- Neisse: texts and images ; ed. by Wojciech Kunicki with the assistance of Marta Kopij and Gabriela Połutrenko. Second revised edition .: Nysa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej, 2005: ISBN 83-60081-00-X
- Marek Sikorski: Nysa. Skarby sztuki i osobliwości , Nysa 1999, ISBN 83-909213-0-8
- J. Daniel, I. Zielonka: Nysa-przystanek wędrowca , Nysa 2004, ISBN 83-912169-1-8
- Catalog zabytków sztuki w Polsce . Vol. VII: Województwo opolskie, z. 9, Powiat nyski, Warszawa 1963
Jesuit College
Entrance gate
Jesuit high school
corridor
Ceiling painting
Coordinates: 50 ° 28 ′ 19.9 ″ N , 17 ° 20 ′ 12.1 ″ E
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.nid.pl/pl/Informacje_ogolne/Zabytki_w_Polsce/rejestr-zabytkow/zestawienia-zabytkow-nieruchomych/OPO-rej.pdf
