Nodding collar flower

Nodding collar flower
	Nodding collar flower ( Carpesium cernuum )
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Inuleae
Genre :	Collar flowers ( Carpesium )
Type :	Nodding collar flower
Scientific name
	Carpesium cernuum
	L.

The nodding collar flower ( Carpesium cernuum ) is a species of the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is widespread in the Old World .

description

The nodding collar flower grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of usually 50 to 80 (20 to 100) cm. The upright and protruding hairy stem is sparse to richly branched at the top. The lower leaves are stalked, the upper ones on the stem. The soft leaf blade is oval to lanceolate with an irregularly wavy toothed or slightly toothed edge. The underside of the leaf is hairy and the upper side is sometimes almost bare.

In China, the flowering period extends from June to August. The terminal, nodding, cup-shaped inflorescences have a diameter of 10 to 25 mm. They are surrounded by foliage-like bracts of different sizes, protruding or bent back . The flower heads contain only, compactly arranged tubular flowers , ray florets are missing. The yellowish-green tubular flowers are all of the same shape.

The narrow, up to 4 mm long achenes have no pappus , are longitudinally rutted and end in a short beak 0.5 mm long with a typically bulging, glandular-sticky surface. The fruits ripen in China between September and October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Occurrence

The nodding collar flower is native to the Mediterranean region from southern Europe to the Middle East ( Caucasus ). On the Asian continent, localities are known in Russia , Afghanistan , Pakistan , India , China , Korea and Vietnam . In Australasia , it occurs in Indonesia , the Philippines , Taiwan , Japan , Papua New Guinea and Australia . In China, it occurs in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang. In Germany it is considered to be extinct. It occurs in Switzerland and Austria.

This heat-loving plant thrives in the lower hill level . It prefers fresh, nutrient-rich, shady to light forests and bushes. In Switzerland it thrives in bushes, forest clearings and shady roadsides in the colline to montane heights . According to Oberdorfer, it is a sub-Mediterranean floral element and occurs in societies of the Alliarion association. In China it thrives on wasteland and on mountain slopes at altitudes mostly below 2900, rarely up to 3400 meters.

Former occurrences

After Hepp in 1956, the former growth sites became extinct. It only occurred on the Salzach, Inn and Danube. In the Bavarian Red List 2003 the endangerment level is rated as "extinct".

New find

In 2019 it was found again in the Rottal / Inn district , Lower Bavaria . Carpesium cernuum is thus to be regarded as "critically endangered" in Germany.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Carpesium cernuum was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum . A synonym for Carpesium cernuum L. is Carpesium spathiforme Hosokawa . The synonyms Carpesium ciliatum , Carpesium pedunculosum and Carpesium pubescens (Wallich, Numer. List, nos. 3214, 3200, 3199. 1831) also belong here, but they are not validly published (nomina nuda: Vienna Code , Art. 32.1 (d)) ).

literature

Chen Yousheng, Arne Anderberg: Tribe Inuleae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 , Carpesium cernuum , p. 824 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
Pietro Zangheri: Flora d'Italia. Volume I, Testo, CEDAM, Padova, 1976, p. 698.
Rudolf Schubert, Walter Vent (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 8th edition (new edition). Volume 4: Vascular Plants: Critical Volume, Gustav Fischer, Jena 1994, ISBN 3-334-60830-1 .
Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner, André Michel: Flora Helvetica. 2nd, revised and improved edition. Paul Haupt, Bern 1998, ISBN 3-258-05735-4 , p. 1076.

Web links

Commons : Nodding Collar Flower ( Carpesium cernuum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Nodding collar flower. In: FloraWeb.de.
Nodding collar flower . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Carpesium cernuum L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
Thomas Meyer: Collar flower data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chen Yousheng, Arne Anderberg: Tribe Inuleae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 , Carpesium cernuum , p. 824 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
↑ ^a ^b ^c Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner, André Michel: Flora Helvetica. 2nd, revised and improved edition. Paul Haupt, Bern 1998, ISBN 3-258-05735-4 , p. 1076.
↑ ^a ^b Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 923 .
↑ Willy A. Zahlheimer: But still in the country: the nodding raven flower (Carpesium cernuum L.) . In: Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society . tape 89 . Munich 2019, p. 245-250 .
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 859 ( digitized version ).
^ Carpesium cernuum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chen Yousheng, Arne Anderberg: Tribe Inuleae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 , Carpesium cernuum , p. 824 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)

[FHelvetica-2] Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner, André Michel: Flora Helvetica. 2nd, revised and improved edition. Paul Haupt, Bern 1998, ISBN 3-258-05735-4 , p. 1076.

[bayernflora-3] Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .

[Oberdorfer2001-4] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 923 .

[5] Willy A. Zahlheimer: But still in the country: the nodding raven flower (Carpesium cernuum L.) . In: Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society . tape 89 . Munich 2019, p. 245-250 .

[SpPl-6] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 859 ( digitized version ).

[tropicos-7] Carpesium cernuum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis