Souarin nut tree

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Souarin nut tree
Souarin nut tree (Caryocar nuciferum), illustration

Souarin nut tree ( Caryocar nuciferum ), illustration

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Caryocaraceae
Genre : Caryocar
Type : Souarin nut tree
Scientific name
Caryocar nuciferum
L.
Stone core of Caryocar nuciferum and below the seeds, in the cross section you can see the thick endocarp and inside the seed almost completely exposed and inside the seed core (embryo)

The caryocar nuciferum ( Caryocar nuciferum ) also Saou-, sover-, Suarinuss , butternut , Sa-, Suwarinuss or Pekeanuss and bag nut and Indian Brazil nut called, is a tropical deciduous tree species in the genus Caryocar in the family of caryocaraceae . The Souarin nut tree is native to Guyana , Suriname , Colombia , Venezuela and Northern Brazil as well as to Central America . It is cultivated in the West Indies .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Souarinussbaum is a large tree that reaches heights of up to 45 meters. Buttock roots are formed.

The opposite leaves are long-stalked and threefold. The bald petiole is up to 15 centimeters long. The bald, stalked leaflets are ovate to elliptical and pointed, the edges are completely to weakly notched, serrate. The leaflet stalks are up to 2 inches long. The leaflets are 12 to 30 cm long and 6 to 18 cm wide. The stipules fall off early.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are in long-stalked, terminal traubigen (Corymb) and short inflorescences with up to eight flowers. The stalked flowers with a double flower envelope are five-fold. The flower stalks up to 6 centimeters long are bare, thick and reddish. The 2 centimeter long and purple-brown, thick calyx is bell-shaped and five-lobed. The corolla with five, long, elliptical and outside purple-brown and inside pale yellow, purple-red striped, basal short overgrown petals, is up to 7 centimeters long. There are 700–5000, very dense, yellow, unequal length stamens and staminodes. They are all briefly fused together at the base and then arranged above in many groups of up to 20, which are half fused at the bottom, outside they are up to 8.5 centimeters long, inside they are shorter; 3.5 centimeters and longer. The stamens have small vesicles at the top and at the base they partially secrete nectar , as does the inner corolla tube.

The red, upper ovary is round and four-chambered. There are four to 9 centimeters long, filamentous and green-reddish styles with filamentous scars .

Its roundish, smooth, reddish-brown, fine, dark-speckled, leathery stone fruits weighing up to 11 kg are over 15 centimeters in size and are edible. They have a yellowish, soft, fibrous-fatty mesocarp . The up to four (usually 1–2), kidney-shaped and knobbed, flattened stone cores (Pyrene, Cocci, Mericarp, Nuts) are up to 7.5 centimeters in size and each contain a brown, large and (almost) kidney-shaped and shiny seed. The up to 8 mm thick, brown and porous endocarp of the stone nuclei is very hard and fibrous. The stone kernels are embedded in the mesocarp in an adhering "cell" (internal mesocarp) made of whitish, bitter pulp. The seeds are almost completely free in the stone core. Inside the seeds is the grayish, kidney-shaped and soft core ( embryo , almond). The embryo consists mainly of a large hypocotyl like the seeds of the Brazil nut .

Pollination is done by bats and swarmers .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.

Taxonomy

The first description was in 1771 by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum 2: 247. Various synonyms are known; Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. , Cayocar butyrosum (Aubl.) Willd. , Caryocar tomentosum Willd. , Caryocar tuberculosum (Aubl.) Baill. , Pekea tuberculosa Aubl. , Rhizobolus tuberculosum (Aubl.) JFGmel. , Rhizobolus tomentosus (Willd.) Oken. , Rhizobolus pekea Gaertn. , Amagdala guayanensis clus.

use

The fatty (internal) mesocarp can be eaten as a "vegetable" after one hour of cooking. The seed core, the embryo, is very tasty and contains over 60% fat, and it also provides an oil or fat similar to pecan oil . The very tasty core can also be eaten raw, cooked or roasted.

The wood of the souarin nut tree is hard and durable; it is valued, for example, for boat building. About seven other species of the genus Caryocar are used in a similar way, the best known being Caryocar brasiliense Pequi.

literature

  • Samuel Curtis, WJ Hooker : Curtis's botanical magazine. Vol. 54, Ser. 2, Vol. 1, 2727, 2728, London, 1827, online at biodiversitylibrary.org, accessed October 23, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Souarin nut tree ( Caryocar nuciferum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E. Bames, A. Bömer u. a .: Handbook of Food Chemistry: Fats and Oils. Springer, 1939, ISBN 978-3-642-88819-9 (reprint), p. 705.
  2. ^ A b c Klaus Kubitzki : The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. XI, Springer, 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-39416-4 , p. 13 ff.
  3. ↑ JM Christenhusz, Michael F. Fay, Mark W. Chase: Plants of the World. KEW Pub., 2017, ISBN 978-1-84246-634-6 , p. 313.
  4. ↑ a b James A. Duke: Handbook of Nuts. CRC Press, 1989, 2001, ISBN 0-8493-3637-6 , p. 74.
  5. ^ Ingrid Roth: Stratification of a tropical forest as seen in dispersal types. Junk, 1987, ISBN 978-94-010-8639-4 (Reprint), p. 64.
  6. ^ EJH Corner: The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Vol. 1, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976, ISBN 0-521-20688-X , pp. 89 f.