Caryocar

Caryocar
	Souar nut tree , also called butternut, ( Caryocar nuciferum ), illustration
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family :	Caryocaraceae
Genre :	Caryocar
Scientific name
	Caryocar
	F. Allam. ex L.

The Caryocar ( Syn .: Pekea Aubl. , Rhizobolus Gaertn. Ex Schreb. , Saouari Aubl. ) Are a genus of plants in the family of the Caryocaraceae within the order of the Malpighia-like (Malpighiales).

distribution

The species have their areas only in the Neotropic . Most of the species are found in the Amazon .

description

All species are woody, evergreen plants : mostly trees , rarely shrubs . They are all made of hard wood . The mostly opposite, leathery, stalked leaves are usually three-part, sometimes five-part, and the leaflets usually have a serrated or toothed edge. There are (mostly) stipules present.

Bat flowers from Caryocar brasiliense

The flowers are usually too many together in racemose inflorescences . The large, radially symmetrical flowers are hermaphroditic and usually five, rarely six. There are five to six sepals and petals each. The flowers contain up to over 700 particularly long stamens and staminodes. Four to six carpels are a syncarp, upper permanent ovary fused, with four to six free styluses. The species are pollinated by bats (Chiroptera) ( chiropterophilia ). The stone fruits contain oil.

use

The drupes have a yellowish, fibrous-oily mesocarp and the endocarp is very hard. The oily mesocarp can be eaten as a "vegetable" after boiling for an hour. The seeds contain over 60% oil. The white, edible seed core is very tasty and provides an oil similar to pecan oil.

The hard and durable wood is valued for building boats, for example.

About seven other species of the genus Caryocar are used similarly.

ingredients

They contain triterpenes - saponins - as important ingredients .

Systematics

There are about six to 16 species in the genus of the Caryocar :

Caryocar amygdaliferum Mutis : With edible fruits. The home is Colombia.
Caryocar amygdaliforme G.Don : Home is Ecuador and northern Peru.
Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. (Incl. Caryocar intermedium Wittm. ): With two subspecies. Home is Brazil , Paraguay and Bolivia. With edible seeds.
Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. : The homeland is northern Brazil. Parts of the fruit are edible.
Caryocar costaricense Thursday. Sm .: Native to Costa Rica and Panama , has a coveted wood whose trade name is Piquia. The species is listed in CITES Appendix II.
Caryocar cuneatum Wittm. : The home is Brazil.
Caryocar dentatum Gleason : Home is Bolivia and northern Brazil.
Caryocar edule Casar. (Syn .: Caryocar barbinerve Miq. ): The home is Brazil.
Caryocar glabrum Pers. : With edible fruits. The species is native to tropical South America. It is divided into three subspecies.
Caryocar gracile Wittm. : The homeland is Colombia, Venezuela and northern Brazil.
Caryocar harlingii Prance & Encarn. : The home is Colombia and Peru.
Caryocar microcarpum Ducke : The distribution area extends from Martinique to tropical South America. With edible fruits.
Caryocar montanum Prance : The home is the southeastern Venezuela, the southern Guayana and Roraima in Brazil.
Souarinussbaum , also called butternut or Indie Noto, ( Caryocar nuciferum L. , Syn .: Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. , Cayocar butyrosum (Aubl.) Willd. , Caryocar tomentosum Willd. , Caryocar tuberculosum (Aubl.) Baill. , Pekea tuberculosa Aubl. ): It is native to northern South America to northern Brazil, St. Kitts and St. Vincent .
Caryocar pallidum A.C.Sm. : The home is southern Venezuela, Bolivia and Brazil.
Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. : Parts of the fruit are edible. Hard wood with a wide range of uses. The home is tropical South America.

photos

Caryocar brasiliense :

blossoms
Flowers and stalked, tripartite leaves
Flowers and stalked, tripartite leaves
Drupes

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Caryocar. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 25, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Caryocar - collection of images, videos and audio files

Caryocar on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
To use the species at Henriettes Herbal website . (engl.)

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Caryocar. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 25, 2015.