Castra Traiana

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Castra Traiana
Alternative name Sâmbotin Castle
limes Dacian Limes
section Limes Alutanus
A / X / 75
Dating (occupancy) A) Period of occupation
B.a) Hadrianic
B.b) Middle of the 2nd century
Type Numerus fort (?)
unit Vexillatio of the Cohors I Hispanorum (?)
size not safe
Construction A) Wood and earth warehouse
B) Stone fort
State of preservation largely swept away ground monument
place Sâmbotin / Dăeşti / Vâlcea district
Geographical location 45 ° 10 '25 "  N , 24 ° 22' 25"  E Coordinates: 45 ° 10 '25 "  N , 24 ° 22' 25"  E
height 258  m
Previous Buridava
(A / X / 74, south)
Subsequently Jiblea Fort
(A / X / 76, north)
Castra Traiana in the course of the Dacian Limites

Castra Traiana (also: Kastell Sâmbotin ) is a former Roman auxiliary troop camp in the area of ​​the village Sâmbotin, belonging to the municipality Dăeşti, in the district of Vâlcea , in Romania . In ancient times it was part of the Limes Alutanus and administratively belonged to the province of Dacia inferior , later to the Dacia Malvensis .

location

The soil monument is in today's settlement in the corridor Cetate (fortress), south of the village of Sâmbotin. Topographically, it is located on a flat terrace above the mouth of the Trantul stream in the Olt . In ancient times, the fort crew was responsible for protecting the trunk road that ran parallel to the Olt. The name Castra Traiana was marked in the Tabula Peutingeriana . A large part of the fort area was washed away by floods over the centuries.

Archaeological evidence

Little archaeological research has been done on the area. Investigations took place mainly between 1966 and 1969 under the direction of Tudor Dumitru and from 1983 to 1985 under Cristian M. Vlădescu . It was possible to differentiate between two fort construction phases. A wood-earth camp from the early occupation period was replaced by a stone fort in the Hadrianic period.

The stone fort had a rectangular floor plan, the full dimensions of which could no longer be determined. From the east side 69.6 m were still preserved. The camp was reinforced with a 1.5 m thick double wall that was constructed using the technique of Opus incertum . On the inside, the wall was reinforced with buttresses eight meters apart. A square fortified tower on the side protruding from the wall could still be identified. A double ditch ran in front of the wall as an obstacle to the approach. Traces of wooden barracks were found inside the fort.

In the middle of the second century there was a repair phase, during which the wall was doubled. The distance between the two walls was 2.70 m to 3.00 m. The use of the space is unclear. Nothing is known about the occupation of the fort. Epigraphically, a single find of a Cohors I Hispanorum seems to be attested, but the structure and (presumed) size of the camp speak for a numerus fort .

Lost property and monument protection

The storage and presentation of the finds takes place in the Muzeul Judetean "Aurelian Sacerdoteanu" in Valcea.

The entire archaeological site and are in particular the castle according to the adopted in 2001 Law no. 422/2001 as historical monuments under protection and are using the LMI Code VL-IsA-09575 in the national list of historic monuments ( Lista Monumentelor istorice ) entered . Responsible are the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii și Patrimoniului Național) , in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts, the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.

See also

literature

  • Romeo Avram and Lucian Amon: Cercetările arheologice efectuate la Castra Traiana (Sâmbotin, com. Dăeşti, jud. Vâlcea). Oltenia. Studii şi comunicări, 11 (1999), pp. 41-53.
  • Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, pp. 89f., ( Digitized version ).
  • Nicolae Gudea: The Lower Moesian Danube Limes and the defense of the Moesian north and west coast of the Black Sea. Limes et Litus Moesiae inferioris (86-275 AD) . In: Yearbook of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz, 52nd year 2005, Verlag des Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums, Mainz 2006, ISSN  0076-2741 , p. 496.
  • Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , p. 226.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea, 1997).
  2. ↑ a b AE 1995, 01305
  3. ↑ Tab. Peut. VIII, 1.
  4. ↑ a b c d Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, pp. 89f., ( Digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Cristian M. Vlădescu: Fortificaţiile novels din Dacia inferior . Scrisul Românesc, Craiova 1986.
  6. ^ Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , p. 226.
  7. ↑ Website of the Muzeul Judetean "Aurelian Sacerdoteanu" (Romanian), accessed on January 2, 2020.
  8. ↑ LMI VL-IsA-09575
  9. ↑ List of historical monuments on the website of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage