Catopocerinae

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Catopocerinae
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Subordination : Polyphaga
Superfamily : Staphylinoidea
Family : Leiodidae
Subfamily : Catopocerinae
Scientific name
Catopocerinae
Hatch , 1927

The Catopocerinae are a subfamily of the beetle family Leiodidae . They are common in North America and eastern Siberia.

features

The Catopocerinae comprise very small beetles with a length of 1.0 to 4.5 millimeters. Like many other species of the Leiodidae family, they have no eyes and no hind wings. They are light brown to translucent and hairless. The head is broad, the body is flattened dorsoventrally, and the legs are very long. The sternites of the first three segments of the abdomen are fused together. The eighth abdominal segment is hidden in the abdomen so that only five sternites can be seen below.

distribution

The genera of the subfamily Catopocerinae are mainly found in North America. Here the five species of the genus Catopocerus inhabit the east of the USA to the Mississippi in the west. The much more species-rich genus Pinodytes is native to the west of the Mississippi and inhabits the west coast from California to Alaska . Glacicavicola bathyscioides , the only species in the genus Glacicavicola , has so far only been found in ice caves in the American states of Idaho and Wyoming . Perkovskius is distributed in two species in eastern Siberia and in the south of the Primorye region.

Way of life

Glacicavicola lives in lava tubes that are lined with ice, for example in the Boy Scouts Cave in the area of ​​the Craters of the Moon National Monument . The air temperature there is 4 ° C. What the beetles feed on is not yet known, as there is hardly any fungus growth on the walls despite the moisture.

The other genera of the Catopocerinae prefer a cool, humid climate and are therefore often found in higher altitudes. They live in damp undergrowth, under stones or in the vicinity of caves. Species of the genus Catopocerus can also be found in caves, but they are only likely to be found there optionally. Most species of the genus Pinodytes feed on subterranean fungal mycelia in the detritus and litter , some can be grown in the laboratory on baker's yeast and soil. Many Catopocerus species are derived from carrion, e.g. B. decaying insect larvae attracted.

Systematics and taxonomy

The subfamily Catopocerinae has not been established to be monophyletic . The common features, such as missing eyes and hind wings, could have arisen independently of one another as homoplasias . In particular, the cave genus Glacicavicola , which is heavily modified in physique, could also belong to the subfamily Leiodinae, in which there are also other cave beetles.

Genera

The subfamily Catopocerinae comprises 4 genera. The genus Pinodytes was re-established in 2011 by Stewart Peck and now includes 42 species, some of which were previously included in the genus Catopocerus .

Genera and selected species

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Stewart B. Peck & Joyce Cook: Systematics, distributions and bionomics of the Catopocerini (eyeless soil fungivore beetles) of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Catopocerinae). Zootaxa 3077, pp. 1-118, 2011
  2. ↑ a b Michel Perreau & Jan Růžička: Systematic position of Perkovskius Lafer 1989 (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Catopocerinae), with description of a second species from the Far East of Russia. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 43, 3, pp. 257-264, 2007 % 5Ccompact% 5CPerreau_Ruzicka_ASEF_43_3_257_264_compact.pdf PDF
  3. ↑ Thomas S. Briggs: Troglobitic harvestmen recently discovered in North American lava tubes (Travuniidae, Erebomastridae, Triaenonychidae: Opiliones). Journal of Arachnology, 1, pp. 205-214, 1973
  4. ↑ Ainsley Ellen Seago: Systematics of the round fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), with a special focus on the austral tribe Agyrtodini. University of California, Berkeley 2008, p. 20 ISBN 1-10909-695-X

literature

  • Stewart B. Peck: The Eyeless Catopocerus Beetles (Leiodidae) of Eastern North America. Psyche, 81, 3-4, pp. 377-397, 1974 doi : 10.1155 / 1974/61497

Web links