Cephalotaxus griffithii
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Cephalotaxus griffithii |
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| Hook. F. |
Cephalotaxus griffithii is a species fromthe head family (Cephalotaxaceae). It is native to eastern India, southern China, and northern Myanmar. The species is very similar to Cephalotaxus harringtonia . That is why the name Cephalotaxus griffithii is sometimes seen as a synonym for this species.
description
Cephalotaxus griffithii grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of growth of up to 20 meters and chest height diameters of 0.5 to 1.1 meters. The light brown to reddish brown trunk bark flakes off. The 8 to 24 centimeters long and 4.5 to 9.5 centimeters thick branches are elliptical to elongated-elliptical in cross-section.
The relatively thin or leathery, straight or slightly sickle-shaped needles are 5 to 7.5 centimeters long and around 3 millimeters wide and linear to linear-lanceolate. They stand on a 0 to 1 millimeter long stem and go from the branches at an angle of 45 to 80 °. The symmetrical or asymmetrical base of the needles is blunt to blunt-wedge-shaped, while the point is sharply pointed, less often spiky. The needle edges are bent back. The upper side of the needle is dark green or shiny olive green in color and on the underside of the needle there are 19 to 26 white to bluish white rows of stomas .
The flowering period of Cephalotaxus griffithii extends from November to March and the seeds ripen from August to October. The pale yellow, male cones are spherical with a diameter of 4 to 4.5 millimeters and are occasionally on a 1 to 5 millimeter long stem. They are in groups of six to eight and each contain seven to 13 microsporophylls with three to four pollen sacs each . The female cones have a 0.6 to 1 centimeter long stalk and stand together individually or in groups of two to three. They are surrounded by a 2.2 to 3 centimeter long and 1.1 to 1.2 centimeter thick seed coat ( aril ). This is initially green and turns red towards maturity. The obovate to obovate-elliptical seeds are 2.2 to 2.8 centimeters long and have a sharply pointed or spiky tip.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and location
The natural range of Cephalotaxus griffithii is in eastern India, southern China and northern Myanmar . In India, it includes the Mishmi Mountains in Arunachal Pradesh and the states of Manipur and Nagaland . In China, the species is found in western Sichuan .
Cephalotaxus griffithii thrives in India at altitudes of around 1830 meters.
Cephalotaxus griffithii is not included in the IUCN Red List , but is regarded as a synonym for Cephalotaxus mannii . This species is classified as "endangered". The conversion of forests into arable land and logging along with the slow rate of regeneration are cited as the main threats. The total population of the species is considered to be in decline.
Systematics
The first description as Cephalotaxus griffithii was in 1888 by Joseph Dalton Hooker in The Flora of British India , Volume 5 (15), page 648. The specific epithet griffithii honors the British botanist William Griffith . The species is treated by some authors as a synonym of Cephalotaxus harringtonia or of Cephalotaxus mannii due to the small morphological differences .
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Cephalotaxus griffithii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on November 23, 2013 .
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Cephalotaxus mannii , pp. 87 (English, Cephalotaxus mannii - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Christopher J. Earle: Cephalotaxus mannii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on November 23, 2013 .
- ↑ a b c d Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Cephalotaxus mannii , pp. 87 (English, Cephalotaxus mannii - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
- ↑ a b c d Christopher J. Earle: Cephalotaxus griffithii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on November 23, 2013 .
- ↑ Cephalotaxus mannii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013 Posted by: W. Liao, Y. Yang, 2010. Accessed November 23, 2013.
- ↑ Cephalotaxus griffithii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 23, 2013.
- ↑ Cephalotaxus griffithii. In: The Plant List. www.theplantlist.org, accessed November 23, 2013 .