Ceratozamia

Ceratozamia
Ceratozamia mexicana
Systematics
Class : Cycadopsida Order : Cycads (Cycadales) Family : Zamiaceae Subfamily : Zamioideae Tribe : Ceratozamieae Genre : Ceratozamia
Scientific name
Ceratozamia
Brongniart

Ceratozamia is a genus of plants within the cycads (Cycadales). All species are listed in Appendix I of the Washington Convention on Species Protection (CITES).

description

Ceratozamia mexicana

Vegetative characteristics

In the Ceratozamia species, trunks, even in the largest species, usually remain under 1 meter high. Very rarely they reach a height of 2 meters. Species with high trunks are usually prostrate or drooping, less often upright. In most species, the trunk is short, cylindrical, upright or sloping. With them, the trunk is mostly underground, only the crown is above ground. The woody trunks are covered by the old leaf bases, a distinguishing feature from Zamia .

The sheets are variable in length, width and number. The dwarfs have one to five leaves, the larger species have large crowns with leaves up to three meters long and one meter wide. The leaf stalks are usually armed with long and sometimes hooked thorns. However, some of the dwarf gardens are completely unarmed. The leaf margins are entire. In rare cases they are ripped apart by injuries during leaf growth. The growing leaves are partly brown or purple-brown, the color remains partially on the rachis or the underside of the leaf in ripe leaves . The leaves of young plants are very different from those of adult plants.

Generative characteristics

Ceratozamia species are dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ). The cones of both sexes have two horns on each sporophyll . This characteristic, which distinguishes the genus from the other cycads, is also reflected in the genus name: in Greek ceratos is the horn.

The sarcotesta of the seeds is not strikingly colored.

The chromosome number is 2n = 18.

Locations

Ceratozamia species usually grow in deep shade in ravines and on steep slopes. The locations are mostly damp to wet, the moisture comes from rivers, fog or rain from the clouds that stick to the slopes of the coastal mountains. They grow from sea level to altitudes of 2500 meters. As a result, they are quite cold-tolerant, and many species can also survive light frosts. Many species grow in pine-oak forests. However, some species also penetrate into desert areas.

Systematics and distribution

Ceratozamia hildae

Ceratozamia kuesteriana

Ceratozamia latifolia

Ceratozamia mexicana

Ceratozamia miqueliana

Ceratozamia robusta

The genus Ceratozamia was in 1846 by Adolphe Brongniart in Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique. 3. Series, Volume 5, 1846, page 7 installed . The type species is Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. . A synonym for Ceratozamia Brongn. is Dipsacozamia clay.

The genus Ceratozamia is common in the Neotropics . Most of the species are found in Mexico . Some populations are also found in Belize , Guatemala, and Honduras . Mainly they thrive in the two coastal mountains, Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental . The species that also occur outside of Mexico are Ceratozamia hondurensis , which is only found in Honduras, Ceratozamia matudae , which is found in eastern Guatemala in addition to Mexico, and Ceratozamia robusta , which is native to Mexico, Guatemala and Belize.

In 2002, Whitelock listed 20 species. Many more species have been described since then. There are about 30 types (as of 2017):

• Ceratozamia alvarezii Pérez-Farr., Vovides & Iglesias : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Chiapas .
• Ceratozamia becerrae Pérez-Farr., Vovides & Schutzman : It was first described in 2004 and occurs in the Mexican states of Chiapas and Tabasco .
• Ceratozamia brevifrons Miq. : It occurs in the Mexican state of Veracruz .
• Ceratozamia chamberlainii Mart.-Domínguez, Nic.-Mor. & DWStev. : It was first described in 2017 from northeastern Mexico.
• Ceratozamia chimalapensis Pérez-Farr. & Vovides : It wasfirst describedin 2008 from the Mexican state of Oaxaca .
• Ceratozamia decumbens Vovides : It was first described in 2008 from the Mexican state of Veracruz.
• Ceratozamia delucana Vázq.Torres, A.Moretti & Carv.-Hern. : It was first described in 2013 from the Mexican state of Veracruz.
• Ceratozamia euryphyllidia Vázq.Torres, Sabato & DWStev. : It occurs in the Mexican states of Veracruz and Oaxaca.
• Ceratozamia fuscoviridis S.Moore : It occurs in the Mexican state of Hidalgo .
• Ceratozamia hildae G.P. Landry & MCWilson : It occurs in the Mexican states of Querétaro and San Luis Potosí .
• Ceratozamia hondurensis J.L. Haynes, Whitelock, Schutzman & RSAdams : It wasfirst describedin 2008 from Honduras .
• Ceratozamia huastecorum Avendaño, Vovides & Cast.-Campos : It was first described in 2003 from the Mexican state of Veracruz.
• Ceratozamia kuesteriana rule : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas .
• Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. (Syn .: Ceratozamia microstrobila Vovides & JDRees ): It occurs in the Mexican states of Querétaro and San Luis Potosí.
• Ceratozamia matudae Lundell : It occurs in the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas and in eastern Guatemala .
• Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. : There are two varieties:
  • Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. mexicana (Syn: Ceratozamia intermedia Miq. , Ceratozamia longifolia Miq. , Ceratozamia purpurea Matte , Ceratozamia mexicana var. longifolia (Miq.) Dyer , Ceratozamia mexicana var. vulgaris J.Schust. ): This endemic occurs only in the northern central Mexican state of Veracruz.
  • Ceratozamia mexicana var. Tenuis Dyer : It occurs only in the central Mexican state of Veracruz.
• Ceratozamia miqueliana H. Wendl. (Syn .: Ceratozamia mexicana var. Miqueliana (H. Wendl.) J.Schust. ): It occurs in the Mexican states of Veracruz, Tabasco and Chiapas.
• Ceratozamia mirandae Vovides, Pérez-Farr. & Iglesias : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Chiapas.
• Ceratozamia mixeorum Chemnick, TJGreg. & Salas-Mor. : This endemic occurs in the Sierra Mixes in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
• Ceratozamia morettii Vázq.Torres & Vovides : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Veracruz.
• Ceratozamia norstogii D.W.Stev. :: It occurs in the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas.
• Ceratozamia robusta Miq. (Syn .: Ceratozamia mexicana var. Robusta (Miq.) Dyer ): It occurs in the Mexican states of Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, in Belize and Guatemala.
• Ceratozamia sabatoi Vovides, Vázq.Torres, Schutzman & Iglesias : It occurs in the Mexican states of Querétaro and Hidalgo.
• Ceratozamia santillanii Pérez-Farr. & Vovides : It was first described in 2009 from the Mexican state of Chiapas.
• Ceratozamia subroseophylla Mart.-Domínguez & Nic.-Mor. : It was first described in 2016 from the Mexican state of Veracruz.
• Ceratozamia totonacorum Mart.-Domínguez & Nic.-Mor. : It was first described in 2017 from the Mexican state of Puebla.
• Ceratozamia vovidesii Pérez-Farr. & Iglesias : It was first described in 2007 from the Mexican state of Chiapas.
• Ceratozamia whitelockiana Chemnick & TJGreg. : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
• Ceratozamia zaragozae Medellín : This endemic occurs in the Sierra de la Equiteria in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
• Ceratozamia zoquorum Pérez-Farr., Vovides & Iglesias : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Chiapas.

literature

• Loran M. Whitelock: The Cycads. Timber Press, Portland OR 2002, ISBN 0-88192-522-5 , pp. 57 f.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Adolphe Brongniart: Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique . 3rd series, Volume 5, 1846, p. 7. ( scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org . )
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah} Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ceratozamia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 15, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Ceratozamia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Ceratozamia on Cycad Pages of the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney