Cevat Çobanlı

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Cevat Çobanlı (1918)

Cevat Çobanlı , also İsmail Cevat Çobanlı and Cevat Pascha ; (* September 14, 1870 or 1871 in Istanbul ; † March 13, 1938 ibid) was an Ottoman officer, Minister of War ( Harbiye Nazırı ) of the Ottoman Empire and Turkish politician.

Life

Cevat Pasha as commander of the Dardanelles armed forces with his officers' staff

Cevat Çobanlı was born in 1870 or 1871 as the son of the Ottoman officer and Müşir Şakir Pasha and his wife Emine Hanım. He was the uncle of writer Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı and the painters Aliye Berger and Fahrelnissa Zeid .

After attending Galatasaray High School , Çobanlı became a student at the Mekteb-i Fünûn-u Harbiyye-i Şâhâne military school in 1888 . In 1891 he graduated fourth from school and became second lieutenant in infantry ( Mülâzım-ı Sani ) in the Ottoman army. He continued his studies at the War Academy Mekteb-i Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Şâhâne (today: Harp Akademisi ) and in 1892 became First Lieutenant ( Mülâzım-ı Evvel ). In 1894 he successfully completed his studies with the rank of chief of staff ( Erkân-ı Harp Yüzbaşısı ). After stays abroad in London and Berlin, he worked in the General Staff of the Palace ( Maiyet-i Seniyye Erkân-ı Harbiyesi ) as the Sultan's aide-de-camp . In December 1901 he was promoted to general, but briefly demoted to colonel in 1909.

In 1909/10 he was in command of the War Academy. In 1911 he became a commander in the 1st Army. In September 1912 Çobanlı became Commander in Chief of the Ottoman Army in the Balkan Wars and Chief of Staff of the Artillery Command. After the war in 1913 he became commander of the 9th Division and president of the Ottoman-Bulgarian border commission.

On November 29, 1914 Çobanlı became the commander of the Dardanelles armed forces in Çanakkale and was responsible for the protection of the Dardanelles . The following year he was commandant of the 14th Army Corps, and in 1915 of the 15th Corps. Cevat Çobanlı is considered to be one of the architects of the victory of March 18, 1915. On that day, the British-French fleet tried to destroy the Ottoman coastal defenses in order to penetrate into Istanbul, and failed with a major attack.

In the following months his command changed several times, and in 1916 he was Commander-in-Chief of the 15th Army Corps in Galicia , before becoming Deputy Commander of the 2nd Army on November 24, 1917. On December 2, 1917, the general went to the Palestinian front as commander of the 8th Army with Army Group Yıldırım . The Army Group was initially able to slow down the British advance in Palestine, but not stop it, and so the defensive front collapsed after the lost Palestine battle.

On November 3, 1918 he was appointed Chief of Staff ( Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Umûmiye Riyaseti ) and was Minister of War from December 19, 1918 to January 13, 1919. As a representative of Chief of Staff Fevzi Çakmak , Çobanlı participated in the signing of the Moudros armistice . Until December 1919, Çobanlı was again chief of staff after the removal of Çakmak.

On March 16, 1920, Çobanlı was arrested by the British troops and exiled to Malta . It was not until 1922 that he was able to return home after an agreement between Turkey and Great Britain and again took on command functions in the Turkish War of Liberation . In 1923 he was elected a member of the Turkish National Assembly and became a member of the Military Council as one of three army inspectors. In 1924, however, he resigned from both offices. He represented young Turkey at the League of Nations and at the Geneva Disarmament Conference in 1932.

On March 14, 1935 Çobanlı went into retirement. He lived in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul until his death . Çobanlı died on March 13, 1938 and was buried in the Erenköy cemetery. In 1988 he was reburied in the Turkish state cemetery.

Awards

Web links

Commons : Cevat Çobanlı  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mesut Aydın: Türkiye ve Irak Hudûdu Mes'elesi , Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları, 2001, p. 53
  2. ↑ a b c d Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademlerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri , Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, TC Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Ankara 1972
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Nusret Baykan: Orgeneral Cevat Çobanlı , TC Başbakanlık Ataturk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Ataturk Araştırma Merkezi Başkanlığı, accessed on April 11, 2018
  4. ↑ a b c d 18 mart kahramani Cevat Paşa , Gelibolu'yu anlamak, accessed April 10, 2018
  5. ↑ Cevat Çobanlı , Biyografya, accessed on April 10, 2018
personal data
SURNAME Çobanlı, Cevat
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cevat pasha; Cevat Paşa; Ismael Cevat Çobanl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman-Turkish officer, Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire and Turkish politician
DATE OF BIRTH 1870 or 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Istanbul
DATE OF DEATH March 13, 1938
Place of death Istanbul