Sawara cypress

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sawara cypress
Sawara cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera), illustration

Sawara cypress ( Chamaecyparis pisifera ), illustration

Systematics
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Cypress family (Cupressaceae)
Subfamily : Cupressoideae
Genre : False cypress trees ( Chamaecyparis )
Type : Sawara cypress
Scientific name
Chamaecyparis pisifera
( Siebold & Zucc. ) Endl.

The Sawara false cypress ( Chamaecyparis pisifera ), also called thread- like false cypress or pea-fruited false cypress , is a species of plant belonging to the genus of false cypress (Chamaecyparis) within the cypress family (Cupressaceae).

The Sawara cypress is one of the "Five Trees of Kiso ", which were placed under nature protection in the Owari fief in 1708 .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Sawara false cypress is an evergreen, small to medium-sized tree that can reach heights of 50 meters with a pyramidal habit . The bark is reddish-brown. The branches are branched in one plane and have a flattened cross-section. The leaves are scale-like and arranged in four rows on the branches and overlap closely. They are about 3 millimeters long. There are two types of glossy green, scale-like leaves: "surface leaves" and "edge leaves". The surface leaves have a translucent resin gland . Grated twigs smell of resin .

Generative characteristics

The Sawara false cypress is single sexed ( monoecious ). The male flowers are pale brown. The female cones stand at the branch ends and are spherical - usually initially green - violet or often also bluish, turning brown as they mature. They usually consist of ten cone scales. The ripe, spherical cones are 5 to 8 millimeters in size. 10 to 20 wide-winged seeds are formed per cone.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Origin and use

The Sawara false cypress originally comes from Japan , where it is known as Sawara ( Japanese 椹 ). It thrives best on nutrient-rich soils in high-rainfall and humid mountain areas.

It is used as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks.

Systematics

The first description was made in 1844 by the German botanist Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini under the name ( Basionym ) Retinispora squarrosa in the second volume of their joint work Flora japonica , p. 40, plate 123. The Austrian botanist Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher arranged in 1847 in synopsis Coniferarum , p. 64 this species belongs to the genus Chamaecyparis under the current taxon Chamaecyparis pisifera .

Another synonym for Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. is Chamaecyparis obtusa f. plumosa Carrière .

Cultivated forms

Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Squarrosa', illustration

There are numerous cultivated forms that differ considerably from one another in size, growth habit and color. Since there are many, very different cultivated forms of most of the other false cypresses, it is difficult to clearly identify the species.

The cultivated forms of the Sawara false cypress are divided into four groups, the Filifera, Nana, Plumosa and Squarrosa group. The Plumosa group is the largest. Here is a selection of varieties from the four groups:

Filifera group
  • 'Filifera': This variety is rarely planted these days. It has slender shoots and dark green leaves.
  • 'Filifera Aurea': A variety with a broad pyramidal habit that becomes 3 meters high. The branches hanging like whips have golden yellow foliage.
Nana group
  • 'Nana': This dwarf form reaches a height of about 30 centimeters; it has a hemispherical, dense growth. The very short branches have dark green leaves.
Plumosa group
  • 'Plumosa': This cultivated form grows spherical to columnar and can be 6 meters high. The short, medium green leaves are less pointed than those of the 'Squarrosa' variety.
  • 'Plumosa Aurea': The leaves are yellow-green.
  • 'Plumosa Compressa': This dwarf variety is about 45 centimeters high and has yellow-green leaves.
Squarrosa group
  • 'Boulevard': This form has a narrow, conical habit; this variant is up to 3 meters high. It has silver-blue leaves.
  • 'Squarrosa': The growth is broadly pyramidal; this cultivated form can reach a height of 20 meters. It has pale blue-gray leaves that turn dull purple in winter.
  • 'Squarrosa Intermedia': This variant is a dwarf variety.

photos

  • Sawara cypress ( Chamaecyparis pisifera ) - Habitus:
  • Sawara cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera) - Habitus I.jpg

  • Cultivated form - growing in a bush shape

  • Cultivated form growing in a bush shape.

  • Sawara cypress ( Chamaecyparis pisifera ) - branches with "leaves" and cones:
  • Sawara.jpg
  • Chamaecyparis pisifera cv Filifera Aurea1.jpg
  • Boulevard cypress.jpg

  • Branch with green and one ripe cone

  • Sawara cypress ( Chamaecyparis pisifera ) - trunk, branches and bark:

  • Trunk with bark

  • View of the trunk and branches

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 木 曽 三 川 川 の 流 れ と 歴 史 の 歩 み 【木 曽 川 ・ 長 良 川 ・ 揖 斐川】 . 14. 木 曽 五 木 . (No longer available online.) In: 古 地理 調査 . Kokudo Chiriin , archived from the original on January 21, 2013 ; Retrieved December 19, 2012 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www1.gsi.go.jp
  2. ↑ Chamaecyparis pisifera at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ Chamaecyparis pisifera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  4. ↑ Chamaecyparis pisifera at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 8, 2016.
  5. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .

Web links

Commons : Sawara cypress ( Chamaecyparis pisifera )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files