Charlotte Müller (pedagogue)

Charlotte Müller (born June 5, 1893 in Frankfurt am Main ; † March 26, 1972 in Berlin ) was a pedagogue , publicist and school director as well as a well-known representative of Hugo Gaudig's work education .

family

She was the only daughter of shipyard director Paul Müller and his wife Johanna, nee Geest. She spent her childhood in Leipzig , where her mother had moved after her father's untimely death. Charlotte Müller remained unmarried and had no children.

Career

After taking private lessons and attending the Higher Citizens 'School, she switched to the Higher Girls' School in Leipzig, led by Hugo Gaudig. She then entered the school-affiliated seminar for teachers , which was also run by Gaudig , where she made Gaudig's pedagogical ideas her own in a special way. In 1912 she passed her exams and initially taught as a substitute teacher at various elementary schools in Leipzig and Saxony . After taking the electoral ability test in 1916, the former master class student was hired by Hugo Gaudig as a pre-class teacher for his school. In 1921 Charlotte Müller published her debut work "Vom Deutschunterricht an der Arbeitsschule" in the renowned Leipzig publishing house Julius Klinkhardt , which in 1961 had its 7th, revised edition. In the following years they led over 100 lecture tours on Gaudig's reform pedagogical methods throughout Germany, the Baltic States as well as Denmark and Austria. In 1928 she accepted an appointment as a lecturer at the Pedagogical Institute of the University of Leipzig . When she noticed that the majority of them were distant towards her reform pedagogical principles, she soon returned to the Gaudig School and from then on turned down all other professional offers - such as a transfer as a school councilor to Wroclaw or a teaching position at the teacher training institute in Riga . In order to be able to carry on Gaudig's legacy and continue teaching at the Gaudig School, which the Nazis disliked, she joined the NSDAP in 1940 under pressure from representatives of the NSLB . After 1945 this led to her being discharged from school in the Soviet occupation zone . She initially secured her livelihood by taking private lessons and selling watercolor paintings . In 1950 she passed an examination as a scientific graphologist at the University of Leipzig. In 1951 she received the offer to do school work in West Berlin . On October 1, 1954, she was appointed rector of today's Hugo Gaudig School in Berlin-Tempelhof , where she established Hugo Gaudig's reform pedagogical methods. In addition, Charlotte Müller worked in Berlin at the school practical seminar, at the state examination office and as a lecturer for German lessons at the University of Education, where she advocated intensifying didactics through a targeted expansion of cooperation with teachers at primary and secondary schools. In numerous lectures, radio reports, lessons and discussions as well as in books and newspaper articles, she sought to further develop Gaudig's principles of personality education and his guiding principles of free intellectual school work. "Unwavering in the timeless principles, open to the new, provided that it serves people and is not constructed, this is how Lotte Müller saves the pedagogical legacy of the Gaudig circle as an example of a school of a democratic way of life." In 1958 she took legal retirement, but worked as a lecturer at the Pädagogische Hochschule Berlin until 1963 and as a journalist until her death in 1972.

Awards

In recognition of her special services to the state and the people, Charlotte Müller received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany on March 13, 1961 .

Monographs

• From German lessons in the work school , Leipzig 1921 (7th edition 1961).
• Deutsche Sprachkunde , Leipzig 1923 (4th edition 1932).
• Attitude to free intellectual school work , Leipzig 1927 (4th edition 1951: conversion to free intellectual school work ).
• From free student work , Leipzig 1928 (2nd edition 1932).
• Our German language, workbooks for German language teaching , 1929 (7th edition 1954, primary school books).
• Writing education, pedagogically and graphologically , Berlin 1951.
• Practical teaching analyzes , Stuttgart 1960.
• Hugo Gaudig, The School of Self-Employment , Bad Heilbrunn 1963 (2nd edition 1969).

Articles in educational journals (selection)

• Berlin teachers' newspaper : On the death of Otto Scheibner , 2/1962; Change of teaching style, 7/1962; Writing Education, 10/1962; Language Education, 6/1963; Teaching machines, 18-19 / 1963.
• The Berlin School : When will internal school reform at last ?, 9/1961; Preparation of the teacher for work-intensive lessons, 3/1962; Education for class discussions, 4/1962; The Pedagogical Legacy of the Twenties, 5/1962; Do justice to the individual student and educate them to be a community, 6/1962; Households with teaching time, 9/1962; Compromise between learning school and work school, 4/1963; Learning to Learn, 5–6 / 1963; How an internal school reform became, 9/1963; School knowledge and education, 10/1963; The school class - a social structure, 12/1963.
• The German School : Programmed Lessons, 4/1965.
• The new school practice (St. Gallen): On the question of group work, 5/1933.
• The educational province : Hugo Gaudig, 8/1953.
• The Realschule : Open letter on the structural plan, 3/1971.
• Die Scholle : The teacher in free class discussion, 6/1929.
• The school : Schule in Not, 3/1963; Schlermoral, 3/1965; On the value of immediate experience, 9/1965; Education in Freedom - Education for Freedom, 10/1966.
• Parent sheet : Help with the essay, 7/1957.
• Living School : Phases of Self-Employment Education, 11/1964; The middle word, 6/1965; Year classes or ability groups ?, 3/1966; Education to read newspapers, 6/1966.
• Teacher and school : Hugo Gaudig in the judgment of his and our contemporaries, 6/1965; Are our schools educating democracy ?, 1–2 / 1966; On the question of student assessment, 7–8 / 1967; On the disappearance of authority, 2/1968; On the question of spring and other reforms, 6/1969; On the way to a new school ?, 9-10 / 1969; The structure plan for education from a pedagogical point of view, 11–12 / 1970; The danger mark at the level of education is reached, 7–8 / 1971; Internal school reform - The Gaudig School as an example, 8 episodes, 1967–1970.
• Neue Zürcher Zeitung : From the meaning of the new school (special edition).
• Pedagogical sheets : Freedom and commitment, 13-14 / 1951.
• Swiss teacher newspaper: Vom Fehler in der Schule, 7/1963.
• Swiss teacher newspaper : Against an externalization of the work school idea, 26/1955; Contemplation of poems, 26/1964.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Rosemarie Sacke-Gaudig: Memories of my father Hugo Gaudig. Leipzig: Typescript, 1988, p. 96.
2. ^ Joachim Suchland, Leonhard Jost: Trailblazer of a new school. The pedagogy of the Gaudig school. Insights - experiences - principles. Schaffhausen: Novalis Verlag, 1978, p. 161