Chile hummingbird

Chile hummingbird
	Chilean hummingbird ♂
Systematics
Class :	Birds (aves)
Order :	Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family :	Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre :	Chile hummingbirds ( Sephanoides )
Type :	Chile hummingbird
Scientific name
	Sephanoides sephaniodes
	( Lesson, RP & Garnot , 1827)

The Chile hummingbird ( Sephanoides sephaniodes ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species is found on the Juan Fernández Islands , Chile and Argentina . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

Chilean hummingbird ♀

The Chile hummingbird reaches a body length of about 10 to 10.5 cm, with the males weighing about 5.5 g and the females about 5 g. The males have a straight black beak. The front skull and the top of the head shimmer in a distinctive fiery red yellow. The top is bronze-green, the underside pale yellow-brown with brown-black and green spots on the side. The wings and tail are slate green. Females are similar but do not have such an iridescent skull. Young birds have rust-colored hems on their heads and the underside looks more like cinnamon.

Behavior and nutrition

They get their nectar from different sources. The preferred plants include Abutilon , the genus Embothrium , which belongs to the silver tree family, and fuchsias . Use on the Juan Fernández Islands they both local as well as imported plants, including the composite flowers belonging to the genus Dendroseris and the verbena plants belonging to the genus Rhaphithamnus .

Vocalizations

The call consists of a series of bright tones, interspersed with harsh warbling and beeping tones. This sounds like psi ... psi ... krrr.ski.ski.ski .... psi ... or individually like psi or ski .

Reproduction

Their breeding season is from October to November, and occasionally in September. Only a few nests have been discovered on the Juan Fernández Islands, but the breeding season seems to be from September to December. The nest is very small, goblet-like and occasionally hangs over watercourses. The clutch consists of two eggs.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of the Chile hummingbird

The Chile hummingbird lives on the edges of forests, in clearings and meadows, in thickets and in gardens. Occasionally they are seen in large numbers on flowering trees such as eucalyptus . You can find them at altitudes from sea level to over 2000 meters.

migration

In the southern regions of Chile, they move on to the mainland. They winter in the lowlands of Argentina. The migration area extends to the east on the Atlantic coast in the province of Chubut . The populations on the Juan Fernández Islands are considered resident birds .

Etymology and history of research

René Primevère Lesson and Prosper Garnot described the Chilean hummingbird under the name Orthorhynchus sephaniodes . They gave the bay of Concepción as the collection point . In 1840, George Robert Gray introduced the new genus Sephanoides for Mellisuga Kingii Vigors in 1827, referring to Lesson's name. Since the species had already been described shortly before, the current name has priority according to the International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature . This name is formed from the Greek words "Stephanē στεφάνη " for "diadem, crown" and "-oīdēs οιδες " for "resembling". Kingii is dedicated to Phillip Parker King (1791–1856).

In 1970 Adolf Theodor Otto Kleinschmidt (1904–1999) described Sephanoides sephaniodes albicans and Sephanoides sephanoides mariannae . Both names are now considered synonyms for the nominate form . With »mariannae« he honored his wife Marianne geb. Claus. »Albicans« is derived from the Latin »albicans, albicantis, albicare, albus« for »whitish, make white, white«.

Web links

Commons : Chilean hummingbird ( Sephanoides sephaniodes ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Sephanoides sephaniodes inthe IUCN Red List of Endangered Species 2017.3. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Green-backed Firecrown ( Sephanoides sephaniodes ) . Retrieved April 15, 2018.
Videos, photos and sound recordings of Green-backed Firecrown (Sephanoides sephaniodes) in the Internet Bird Collection
Chile hummingbird ( Sephanoides sephaniodes ) at Avibase; accessed on April 15, 2018.

Sephanoides sephaniodes in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved on 2018-04-15.

xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Green-backed Firecrown ( Sephanoides sephaniodes )

Chilean hummingbird (Sephanoides sephaniodes) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved April 15, 2018.

literature

Michael S. Roy, Peter Boesman, Guy Maxwell Kirwan in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Firecrown (Sephanoides sephaniodes) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
Prosper Garnot, René Primevère Lesson : Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition (= zoology . Volume 1 , no. 2 ). Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Prosper Garnot, René Primevère Lesson: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition (= zoology . Atlas). Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
George Robert Gray: A list of the genera of birds: with their synonyma an indication of the typical species of each genus / compiled from various source . R. and JE Taylor, London 1840 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Nicholas Aylward Vigors: Note: Mellisuga Kingii . In: The Zoological journal . tape 3 , 1827, p. 432 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Massimo Cretella: The complete collation and dating of the section Zoologie of the Coquille voyage . In: Bollettino malacologico . tape 46 , 2010, p. 83-103 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Adolf Theodor Otto Kleinschmidt: Nature and meaning of variation studies, especially in the work of Otto Kleinschmidt, for the clarification of genealogical connections . In: Zoological treatises. State Museum for Animal Science in Dresden . tape 31 , no. 13 , 1970, pp. 231-262 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Michael S. Roy u. a.
↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a., p. 681, plate 31.
↑ James A. Jobling p. 354.
^ Nicholas Aylward Vigors p. 432.
^ ^A ^b Adolf Theodor Otto Kleinschmidt p. 244.
↑ James A. Jobling, p. 38.

Remarks

↑ The publication dates of the work and the authorship of the work are a little complicated. According to Massimo Cretella p. 88, Plate 31 was published on July 25, 1827. Nicholas Aylward Vigor's publication on Mellisuga Kingii did not appear until November 1827.

[roy-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Michael S. Roy u. a.

[lesson-2] René Primevère Lesson u. a., p. 681, plate 31.

[jobling354-4] James A. Jobling p. 354.

[vigors432-5] Nicholas Aylward Vigors p. 432.

[kleinschmidt244-6] A ^b Adolf Theodor Otto Kleinschmidt p. 244.

[jobling38-7] James A. Jobling, p. 38.

[3] The publication dates of the work and the authorship of the work are a little complicated. According to Massimo Cretella p. 88, Plate 31 was published on July 25, 1827. Nicholas Aylward Vigor's publication on Mellisuga Kingii did not appear until November 1827.