Chilean hazelnut

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Chilean hazelnut
Gevuina avellana 2.jpg

Chilean hazelnut ( Gevuina avellana )

Systematics
Order : Silver tree-like (Proteales)
Family : Silver tree family (Proteaceae)
Subfamily : Grevilleoideae
Tribe : Macadamieae
Genre : Gevuina
Type : Chilean hazelnut
Scientific name of the  genus
Gevuina
Molina
Scientific name of the  species
Gevuina avellana
Molina

The Chilean hazelnut ( Gevuina avellana ) is the only species of the monotypical genus Gevuina within the silver tree family (Proteaceae). Their seeds , called "nuts", are consumed by the people of Chile .

description

Leaves and inflorescences
Foliage leaf and fruit
Closed and opened fruits
Closed fruits

Vegetative characteristics

The Chilean hazelnut grows as an evergreen tree or shrub and reaches heights of up to 15-20 meters. The treetop is irregularly spherical. The thin bark is grayish and has fine horizontal rings. The bark of young twigs is densely haired with red hair.

The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is hairy. The single or sometimes double imparipinnate leaf blades are 7 to 35 centimeters long. The leathery, bald and short-stalked leaflets are egg-shaped with a length of 2 to 8 centimeters, usually with a pointed upper end and a serrated edge.

Generative characteristics

The lateral, racemose inflorescences are 10 to 14 centimeters long. The hermaphrodite, cream-colored flowers are relatively small and four-fold with a simple flower envelope . There is only a circle with four stamens , which are attached inside, above, to the 1 centimeter long, linear tepals . There is only an upper carpel .

The 1.5 to 3 centimeters long, single-seeded stone fruit is initially red and purple-black when ripe. The stone core is fine-grained.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.

Systematics

The genus Gevuina was established in 1782 with the first publication of Gevuina avellana by Juan Ignacio Molina in Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili ... , pp. 184-185, 353. The genus name Gevuina comes from the Chilean name of the tree, Gevuin . Synonyms for Gevuina avellana Molina are: Guevina avellana Molina , Quadria avellana (Molina) CFGaertn. , Quadria heterophylla Ruiz & Pav.

The genus Gevuina belongs to the subtribe Gevuininae from the tribe Macadamieae in the subfamily Grevilleoideae within the family Proteaceae .

According to Weston and Barkers 2006, the two species (Australia and New Guinea) belong to the genus Bleasdalea F. Muell. ex Domin no longer to Gevuina . As a result, the genus Gevuina is monotypical again and only occurs in the Neotropic .

use

The seeds of Gevuina avellana are eaten raw or cooked. The seeds have a pleasant taste similar to hazelnut , hence the common names and the specific epithet. The seeds are very popular in Chile, where they are often sold in local markets. The seeds contain around 12.5% protein , 49.5% oils and 24.1% carbohydrates . Roasted seeds serve as a coffee substitute. Avellana oil is obtained from the seeds .

Tannins and wood are processed.

Gevuina avellana is used as an ornamental plant.

Common names

Trivial names in different languages ​​are:

literature

  • C. Bertoli, LB Fay, M. Stancanelli, D. Gumy, P. Lambelet: Characterization of Chilean hazelnut (Gevuina avellana Mol) seed oil. In: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Volume 75, Issue 8, 1998, pp. 1037-1040, doi: 10.1007 / s11746-998-0283-5 # page-1 .
  • F. Medel: Gevuina avellana: Potential for Commercial Nut Clones. In: Acta Hortic. Volume 556, 2001, pp. 521-528, doi : 10.17660 / ActaHortic.2001.556.76 ( ISHS Acta Horticulturae: V International Congress on Hazelnut ).
  • Ghillean T. Prance, Vanessa Plana, Katie S. Edwards, R. Toby Pennington: Proteaceae. In: Flora Neotropica. Monograph 100, New York Botanical Garden Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-8932-7480-1 , online at NYBG.
  • Maria Virginia Bianchinotti, Mario Rajchenberg: Coleophoma gevuinae comb, nov., A foliar pathogen on Gevuina avellana (Proteaceae). In: Sydowia. Volume 56, 217-220. Full text PDF .
  • Jules Janick, Robert E. Paull: The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI, 2008, ISBN 0-85199-638-8 , pp. 599 f.

Web links

Commons : Chilean Hazelnut ( Gevuina avellana )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names . Springer, Basel, 1983, ISBN 978-3-7643-1399-9 , pp. 178 ( Gevuina avellana on p. 178 in the Google book search).
  2. ↑ Berthold Hohmann: For the microscopic identification of Chilean hazelnuts (Gevuina avellana Molina). In: Journal of Food Study and Research. Volume 166, No. 5, 1978, pp. 304-307, doi: 10.1007 / BF01127658 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e Bernardo Gut: Trees in Patagonia . Birkhäuser Basel, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7643-8838-6 , p. 150 ( Gevuina avellana on p. 150 in the Google book search).
  4. ^ Molina scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1782 .
  5. ^ Gevuina avellana at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 4, 2016.
  6. ↑ a b c Gevuina avellana at Plants For A Future
  7. ↑ Sabine Krist: Lexicon of vegetable fats and oils. 2nd edition, Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-1004-1 . Pp. 95-98.
  8. ↑ a b c Gevuina avellana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  9. ↑ a b C. Orwa, A. Mutua, R. Kindt, R. Jamnadass, S. Anthony, 2009: PDF at Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide. Version 4.0.