Chlorambucil

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Chlorambucil
other names	4- {4- [bis (2-chloroethyl) amino] phenyl} butyric acid
Molecular formula	C 14 H 19 Cl 2 NO 2
Brief description	beige solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 305-03-3 EC number 206-162-0 ECHA InfoCard 100.005.603 PubChem 2708 ChemSpider 2607 DrugBank DB00291 Wikidata Q415939
Drug information
ATC code	L01 AA02
Drug class	Alkylating agents Cytostatic
Mechanism of action	Alkylation of nucleic acids
properties
Molar mass	304.21 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	64 ° C
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 301-315-319-335-350 P: 201-261-301-310-305 + 351 + 338-308 + 313
Toxicological data	76 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Chlorambucil ( trade name Leukeran ) is a cytostatically active drug used to treat certain cancers. It was developed by GlaxoSmithKline and belongs to the group of alkylating agents .

Mechanism of action

Alkylating agents are derived from the nitrogen lots that u. a. were used as war gases . Their action against cancer cells is based on the alkylation of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), which leads to various changes: abnormal base pairing, cross-linking of DNA or RNA strands.

Like the other alkylating agents, chlorambucil does not have a cycle-specific effect, but primarily has an effect on cells that are in the G ₁ or S phase of the cell cycle . The cell-killing effect is particularly noticeable during DNA synthesis, or replication .

application areas

Chlorambucil has a cytostatic and immunosuppressive effect. Areas of application are leukemia , malignant lymphomas , Waldenström's disease . Bone marrow depression and anemia , nausea, skin rash, pulmonary fibrosis (especially with a cumulative dose above 2000 mg), transient liver damage, seizures and, very rarely, bladder infections have been observed as adverse effects . Like other cytotoxic drugs also chlorambucil is mutagenic and teratogenic .

literature

• Aktories, Förstermann, Hofman, Starke: General and special pharmacology . Elsevier 2005. ISBN 3-437-44490-5

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} data sheet Chlorambucil from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 6, 2016 ( PDF ).

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !