Chlorambucil
Structural formula | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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General | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-proprietary name | Chlorambucil | |||||||||||||||||||||
other names |
4- {4- [bis (2-chloroethyl) amino] phenyl} butyric acid |
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Molecular formula | C 14 H 19 Cl 2 NO 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Brief description |
beige solid |
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Drug information | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ATC code | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Drug class | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mechanism of action |
Alkylation of nucleic acids |
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properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 304.21 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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Melting point |
64 ° C |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Toxicological data | ||||||||||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Chlorambucil ( trade name Leukeran ) is a cytostatically active drug used to treat certain cancers. It was developed by GlaxoSmithKline and belongs to the group of alkylating agents .
Mechanism of action
Alkylating agents are derived from the nitrogen lots that u. a. were used as war gases . Their action against cancer cells is based on the alkylation of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), which leads to various changes: abnormal base pairing, cross-linking of DNA or RNA strands.
Like the other alkylating agents, chlorambucil does not have a cycle-specific effect, but primarily has an effect on cells that are in the G 1 or S phase of the cell cycle . The cell-killing effect is particularly noticeable during DNA synthesis, or replication .
application areas
Chlorambucil has a cytostatic and immunosuppressive effect. Areas of application are leukemia , malignant lymphomas , Waldenström's disease . Bone marrow depression and anemia , nausea, skin rash, pulmonary fibrosis (especially with a cumulative dose above 2000 mg), transient liver damage, seizures and, very rarely, bladder infections have been observed as adverse effects . Like other cytotoxic drugs also chlorambucil is mutagenic and teratogenic .
literature
- Aktories, Förstermann, Hofman, Starke: General and special pharmacology . Elsevier 2005. ISBN 3-437-44490-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e data sheet Chlorambucil from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 6, 2016 ( PDF ).