Saffron umbrellas

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Saffron umbrellas
Olive-brown saffron umbrella (Chlorophyllum olivieri)

Olive-brown saffron umbrella ( Chlorophyllum olivieri )

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae)
Genre : Saffron umbrellas
Scientific name
Chlorophyllum
Massee , nom. cons.

The saffron or green parasol parasols ( Chlorophyllum ) are closely related to the giant parasols ( Macrolepiota ) from the family of mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae).

The name "Saffron Umbrellas" refers to the orange-red discoloration of the flesh of the fruiting bodies when they come into contact with atmospheric oxygen. The term “green sporade umbrella” is derived from the scientific name Chlorophyllum , which translates as “green leaves” and is based on the lamellae of the type Chlorophyllum molybdites , which change color when ripe due to the greenish spores .

features

The genus initially only consisted of the type species C. molybdites with clearly greenish spore powder . The species is widespread in the tropics and subtropics , but has also been discovered in Scotland . DNA analysis showed that the native common saffron umbrella ( C. rachodes ) and some other closely related species such as the olive-brown saffron umbrella ( C. olivieri ) also belong to this genus, although the spore powder and the lamellae are creamy white to creamy yellow in color.

Generic delimitation

The difference to the giant parasols and the common generic feature of the saffron parasols are the smooth, non-puckered stems.

species

The following species occur in Europe or are to be expected there.

Saffron Umbrellas ( Chlorophyllum ) in Europe
German name Scientific name Author quote
Chlorophyllum abruptibulbum ( R. Heim 1968) Vellinga 2002
Closed saffron umbrella Chlorophyllum agaricoides ( Czern. 1845) Vellinga 2002
Garden or large-bulb saffron umbrella Chlorophyllum brunneum ( Farl. & Burt 1929) Vellinga 2002
Chlorophyllum molybdites ( G. Mey. 1818: Fr. 1821) Massee ex P. Syd. 1900
Olive brown saffron umbrella Chlorophyllum olivieri ( Barla 1886) Vellinga 2002
Common saffron umbrella Chlorophyllum rachodes ( Vittad. 1835) Vellinga 2002, nom. cons.
Poison saffron umbrella Chlorophyllum venenatum ( Bon 1979) C. Lange & Vellinga 2004

meaning

Most species of the saffron umbrella are edible. C. molybdites is considered to be toxic and causes poisoning with the symptoms of gastrointestinal syndrome . The poison saffron umbrella ( C. venenatum ) is also counted among the poisonous mushrooms . However, the authorization as a separate species is controversial.

swell

literature

  • Else C. Vellinga: Type studies in Agaricaceae - the complex of Chlorophyllum rachodes . In: Mycotaxon . tape 85 , 2003, p. 259–270 ( PDF; 1.8 MB ).
  • Else C. Vellinga: New combinations in Chlorophyllum . In: Mycotaxon . tape 83 , 2002, pp. 415-417 ( PDF; 405 kB ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gernot Friebes: About the complicated group of saffron and giant parachutes: The genera Chlorophyllum and Macrolepiota . In: The Tintling . Issue 4/2013, No. 83 . Karin Monday, 2013, ISSN  1430-595X , p. 7-27 .
  2. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Chlorophyllum . In: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. June 28, 2008, accessed August 1, 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Saffron Umbrellas ( Chlorophyllum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files