Chlorophyllum molybdites

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Chlorophyllum molybdites
Chlorophyllum molybdites.jpg

Chlorophyllum molybdites

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae)
Genre : Saffron Umbrellas ( Chlorophyllum )
Type : Chlorophyllum molybdites
Scientific name
Chlorophyllum molybdites
( G. Mey  .: Fr. ) Massee ex P. Syd.

Chlorophyllum molybdites ( syn. Lepiota morganii ) is a fungus and the type of the saffron umbrella species . Some people can consume the mushroom symptom-free, but in others it causes gastrointestinal syndrome with diarrhea , vomiting and colic , which is why it is considered toxic . Itwas the most commonly consumed toadstoolin North America in 2004. The reasons given are the large, conspicuous fruit bodies, their similarity to the edible parasol and the frequent occurrence in the vicinity of inhabited areas. In 2011, 18 cases of Chl. molybdites , which corresponds to 15% of all cases of poisoning with mushrooms.

features

It is an imposing mushroom whose hat is hemispherical with a flattened tip and can reach a diameter of up to 40 cm. The hat is whitish in color with coarse brown scales. The white, often greenish lamellae are free and do not reach the stem. The stem is up to 25 cm long and has a strong, double ring . The typical snaking of the Parasol is missing, the meat sometimes reddened slightly on average. The green spore powder is considered a safe feature to distinguish it from other saffron and giant parasols.

  • The lamellae turn green with age due to the spore powder that falls out.

  • The spore powder leaves a green imprint on the surface.

  • Chlorophyllum molybdites spores under the light microscope

Ecology, distribution and phenology

A witch ring made from the fruiting bodies of Chlorophyllum molybdites on a lawn

Chlorophyllum molybdites grows in gardens and parks in eastern North America, California, and subtropical regions around the world such as Brazil and India. In Australia , the fungus is widespread in watered gardens in summer. The fungus was also introduced to other countries. Finds from the Canary Islands , Israel , Scotland , Spain , Holland and Sweden were reported .

The fruiting bodies appear after rain in summer and autumn.

Trivial nomenclature

In English usage, Chl. Molybdites as "green-spored parasol / lepiota", also called "green parasol", or "false parasol". On the other hand, in the German-speaking area, no trivial name has yet established itself due to its sparse occurrence. Bollmann, Gminder and Reil (2007) list the species in the “List of Figures of European Large Mushrooms” under “Poisonous Saffron Umbrella”. However, the name collides with the common name "poison giant umbrella" for Macrolepiota venenata - the species has meanwhile been known as Chl. venenatum has been recombined to the saffron umbrella and is now called " poison saffron umbrella " according to its new genus . Dietmar Winterstein (2012) speaks Chl. molybdites in a Tintlings article as "Grünsporigen Giant Umbrella" or "False Parasol".

swell

  1. ↑ a b c Alan Muskat: How to not pass up a parasol - and how not to. Part II: Precious Parasols. (No longer available online.) In: AlanMuskat.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012 ; Retrieved August 23, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alanmuskat.com
  2. ^ A b Else C. Vellinga: Chlorophyllum and Macrolepiota (Agaricaceae) in Australia . In: Australian Systematic Botany . tape 16 , 2003, p. 361–370 ( nature.berkeley.edu [PDF; 299 kB ]).
  3. ↑ Michael W. Beug: An Overview of Mushroom Poisonings in North America . Newsletter of the North American Mycological Association. In: The Mycophile . tape 45 , 2 (March / April), 2004, pp. 4-5 ( cmsweb.org ). cmsweb.org ( Memento of the original from May 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cmsweb.org
  4. ↑ Michael W. Beug: 2011 NAMA Toxicology Committee Report North American Mushroom Poisonings . Ed .: North American Mycological Association [NAMA]. ( namyco.org [PDF; 215 kB ]).
  5. ↑ Denis R. Benjamin: Gastrointestinal syndrome . In: Mushrooms: poisons and panaceas - a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians . WH Freeman and Company, New York 1995, ISBN 0-7167-2600-9 , pp. 351-377 .
  6. ↑ a b c Dietmar Winterstein: The Grünsporige Giant Umbrella or the False Parasol . In: Karin Montag (Ed.): The Tintling . tape 77 , no. 4 , 2012, ISSN  1430-595X , p. 21–28 ( tintling.de [PDF; 1,2 MB ]). The Grünsporige Giant Umbrella or the False Parasol ( Memento of the original from April 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / tintling.de
  7. ^ Else C. Vellinga: Chlorophyllum in Great Britain . In: Field Mycology . tape 7 , no. 4 , 2006, p. 136–140 ( nature.berkeley.edu [PDF; 926 kB ]).
  8. ^ Christian Lange, Else C. Vellinga: Rabarber-parasolhat holder flyttedag . In: Svampe . tape 50 , 2004, pp. 23–42 ( nature.berkeley.edu [PDF; 759 kB ]).
  9. ↑ Alice B. Russell, James W. Hardin, Larry Grand, Angela Fraser: Poisonous Plants: Chlorophyllum molybdites. (No longer available online.) In: Poisonous Plants of North Carolina. North Carolina State University, archived from the original on September 20, 2012 ; Retrieved August 25, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ces.ncsu.edu
  10. ^ Douglas Blayney, Eliot Rosenkranz, Alfred Zettner: Mushroom Poisoning From Chlorophyllum molybdites . Case reports. In: The Western Journal of Medicine . tape 132 , no. 1 , 1980, p. 74-77 , PMC 1271954 (free full text).
  11. ^ English Names for fungi 2012. In: Website of the BMS. British Mycological Society [BMS], accessed August 25, 2012 .
  12. ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. tape 2 . Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X , p. 28 (301 pages; list of color images of almost all European large mushrooms (> 5 mm) incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
  13. ^ Andreas Gminder: Manual for mushroom collectors . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-11472-8 .
  14. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 , p. 134.
  15. ↑ Ralf Martin, Armin Groß: The poison giant umbrella - Macrolepiota venenata Bon . In: Karin Montag (Ed.): The Tintling . tape 10 , no. 2 , 1998, ISSN  1430-595X ( http://tintling.com/inhalt/1998/Macrolepiota_venenata.htm tintling.com).
  16. ↑ Manuel Luque Víboras: Chlorophyllum de EC Vellinga . In: Micobotánica-Jaén . tape 3 , no. 4 , 2008, ISSN  1886-8541 ( micobotanicajaen.com ).

Web links

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