Christlieger
| Christlieger (Johannesinsel) | ||
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| Waters | Koenigssee | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 35 '8.7 " N , 12 ° 59' 17" E | |
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| length | 61 m | |
| width | 26 m | |
| surface | 0.126 ha | |
| Highest elevation | unnamed 607 m |
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| Residents | uninhabited | |
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Christlieger is the name of the only island in the Königssee in the Berchtesgaden Alps . The island is also called Johannesinsel , Johannisinsel or St. Johann .
etymology
The name of the island is used with male or female gender ( Der / Die Christlieger ), sometimes without an article ( Christlieger is in the northern part of the lake ). The emphasis is on the second syllable.
Various explanations have been suggested for the origin of the name:
- Chris + Lieger : Bavarian chris = chopped off fir branches; Lieger, Lager, Layer = place where (for collection across the lake) fir branches are stored and laid out.
- Christ + Lager : "Christlager", the place near which four people who had fallen into the lake during a storm found rescue.
The alternative name Johannesinsel is derived from the name of the saint represented by the statue on the island, Johannes von Nepomuk .
geography
The tree-lined rock island is 61 m long from north to south, up to 26 m wide and has an area of 1,260 m². It is located about 250 meters south of the north bank of the Königssee near the ship landing stage, about 30 m from the east bank and 90 m from the west bank, in the shallower northern part of the lake and close to the edge of the abyss. To the north of the island, the lake is mostly a maximum of three meters deep. A shallow rock bar runs from the southern tip of the island to the eastern shore of the lake. The electric boats of Schifffahrt Königssee (local part of Bayerische Seenschifffahrt ) drive past the island around 20 meters west on the way to St. Bartholomä . In the past, the boats passed east at an even shorter distance. On the east bank of the island is the landing stage for boats, which cannot be called by the passenger boats of the shipping company Königssee, but is only suitable for smaller boats such as rowing boats , which can be rented in the boathouses 100 to 200 meters further north.
administration
Like the entire Königssee, the island also belongs to the municipality of Schönau am Königssee . The property is owned by the Free State of Bavaria , represented by the Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes and administered locally by the Chiemsee branch in Prien . The island is still outside the Berchtesgaden National Park , the border of which runs around 320 meters further south across the lake. The island forms the parcel 281 of the Königssee forest district . This district used to be a community-free area and was not incorporated into Schönau am Königssee until January 1, 1984 .
history
statue
A well-known monument on the island is the statue of St. John Nepomuk , patron saint of boatmen and against water hazards. The approximately 180 cm high statue is made of marble . It stands on a hill in the northern part of the island on a two meter high stone plinth. Once here capsized a boat and the four occupants were rescued at the last moment, was built in 1711 to thank the new statue, donated by Johann Anton Zeitlmayer , pen Registrar, Clerk of the Court and county judge of Berchtesgaden Provostry . Since this statue was erected, the island has also been called St. John's Island. According to tradition, there was a statue of the Apostle Bartholomew at this point until then .
Platform with an underlying grotto
The base of the statue rests on a platform which is framed by balustrades and to which stairs lead up to the sides (ie from the north and south). The platform is supported on the east side by a retaining wall into which two inscribed marble tablets are embedded, with the inscriptions Monument of Adoration, set in 1711 by Joh.Anton von Zeitlmayer , and under it, newly erected in 1811 .
In front of the retaining wall are two small stone pyramids , the history and meaning of which are unknown. The dock for boats is located in this area. At the southern end of the island, King Max I had a third pyramid of a similar appearance built from 1810 onwards.
Under the platform there is a grotto that is accessible from the west through a barred gate. The grotto is sometimes incorrectly mentioned as a chapel. The room of the grotto is square in plan, and the side walls each have two niches. On the back wall is a wall fountain made of red marble, which is dated to the late 16th century. The wall fountain is characterized by a shell basin, arched niche, lion head, pilaster , and a semicircular top with the coat of arms of the Berchtesgaden provost, and another coat of arms. It is unknown whether the grotto existed as early as 1711 and when the fountain was installed there.
Renovation work from 1810
In 1810 the island, which had previously belonged to the prince provost of Berchtesgaden, fell to the Bavarian crown. King Max I immediately initiated extensive renovation work on the island. In the inventory of 1853 the island was described as follows: The island in a beautiful location on the northern bay of the Königssee is overgrown with trees and bushes and there is a summer house ..., a protective roof on four pillars, a stone as a cooking stove ..., the pretty marble statue with pedestal of St. John, three stone pyramids, a small bridge, an approach point, a bench, several railings; the places and paths are gravel .
Renovation in 1992
In 1992 the grotto, which was in danger of collapsing, was renovated.
Monument protection
The marble figure of St. Nepomuk including the substructure, stairs and the two preceding pyramids as well as the grotto and the natural stone pyramid erected in 1810 are registered in the Bavarian list of monuments under the file number D-1-72-132-45 .
Statue of St. Nepomuk
Wall fountain of the grotto
Stone pyramid
literature
- The "Christlieger" gets a new face. Extensive research into sources and a great deal of sensitivity are required for the rehabilitation of the Königssee island. In: Berchtesgadener Anzeiger, No. 181, September 21, 1991.
- Elmar D. Schmid: St. Bartholomä am Königssee. Official leader. 6th edition. Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes, Munich 1991.
- History of Berchtesgaden , Volume 2.1: From the beginning of the Wittelsbach administratium to the transition to Bavaria in 1810, Part 1: Politics - Society - Economy - Law. Plenk Verlag, Berchtesgaden 1993, ISBN 3-922590-78-0 .
Web links
References
- ^ Wilhelm Sturmfels, Heinz Bischof: Our place names. In the ABC explained according to origin and meaning. 3. Edition. 1961, F. Dümmler.
- ↑ Fr. M. Vierthaler: My walks through Salzburg, Berchtesgaden and Austria , Vienna 1816. Original quote from Vierthaler: “In the vicinity of this little island, on an old charter called the Christlager, four people fell into the lake in 1711, and in spite of the violent storm that was raging, escaped to the land. The stone statue of Heil. Johannes is a monument to their danger and their thanks. "
- ↑ The "Christlieger" gets a new face. Extensive research into sources and a great deal of sensitivity are required for the rehabilitation of the Königssee island. Berchtesgadener Anzeiger, No. 181, September 21, 1991, Berchtesgaden 1991, Berchtesgadener Anzeiger Verlag.