Christ Church (Hamburg-Wandsbek)
The Evangelical Lutheran Christ Church Wandsbek is the central church in the Hamburg district of Wandsbek . It fills the east side of the Wandsbek market square and is clearly visible from the entire center of Wandsbeck, especially through its striking tower. The current church is the fourth church at this point.
history
The first church
The first congregation in Wandsbek was founded in 1623 and in the beginning had a pastor but no church building. The Danish King Christian IV gave permission to build the first church in 1631. Construction progressed very slowly during the Thirty Years' War and was only completed in 1634. Due to the general shortage of money and material, this first church was only a small half-timbered building with a narrow choir and a low housing for the bell donated by the king. The church was named Dreifaltigkeitskirche . Two works of art from this church are still preserved: The silver relief The Entombment of Christ , created in 1634 by Hans Lencker , is still in the Christ Church today, the baroque pulpit is now in the Alt-Rahlstedt Church . In 1651 the church was expanded to include an impressive bell tower, almost 60 m high, which housed the first bell and another from 1637. Significant extensions were a tower clock in 1683 and the first organ to satisfy the community in 1700, a donation from the lord of the manor Friedrich Christian von Kielmannsegg .
The second church
In the second half of the 18th century, complaints about the structural condition of the nave increased. After more than thirty years of discussion, the new building began in 1795 according to plans by Johann August Arens in the classical style. The inauguration took place on November 30, 1800, as the composer of the inauguration music was Christian Schwencke . In the years that followed, the church became known for its architectural peculiarity, the retained tower, which, due to the building history, now stood on the unusual east side . The second church could be made more solid than the first church and provided with more extensive interior decoration. The interior of the church was continuously improved, with paintings, glass windows, a tiled floor, heating and, towards the end of the 19th century, an organ from the renowned Röver organ workshop . For unknown reasons, the church burned down completely on August 1, 1898.
The third church
For the third church, a building site was used that was offset slightly to the south and thus symmetrically in the middle of today's streets Wandsbeker Marktstrasse and Schloßstrasse . In keeping with the spirit of the times, the architect Fernando Lorenzen built the new building from 1900 to 1901 in neo-Gothic style made of brick, making the church similar to many churches built at the same time in Hamburg (including the Christ Church in Eimsbüttel ). The newly built church was named Christ Church in 1910 . Like many Hamburg churches, it fell victim to the nights of bombing in 1943, only the side walls and the stump of the tower remained.
The fourth church
As a replacement, the fourth building was built from 1953 to 1955 according to a design by the architects Hopp & Jäger , and the remains (buttresses and base) of the previous building were taken over. At first the old tower was preserved, albeit without a top. However, over the years it became increasingly clear that the foundations were brittle and that preservation was not an option. When the square in front of the church was to be redesigned in the course of the construction of the new Ringstrasse Ring 2 , the decision was made to demolish the old tower and build a new tower to the south, which was connected to the old church building by a transition. The topping-out ceremony for the 70 m high tower was in the autumn of 1963, and construction work was completed in 1965.
Current condition
Interior
The most striking part of the interior is the pantocrator mosaic behind the altar , which was created by Hans Gottfried von Stockhausen . This motif (Christ as ruler over heaven and earth) is extremely unusual for Protestant churches and remains incomprehensible to most church visitors today. Also behind the altar is a bronze meditation cross by the Hamburg sculptor Rolf Scheibner .
The crucifix by the sculptor Carl Schümann is now in the baptistery, but it adorned the emergency church from 1945 until the completion of the new church building.
The silver relief comes from Johannes Lencker, son of Johannes Lencker the Elder and was made in 1625. The relief is next to the pulpit in the Alt-Rahlsteder church today, the only remaining inventory item from the first Wandsbeck church, which was demolished in 1801.
Bells
There are five bells in the tower. Three bells from 1900 come from the old church (strikes c sharp ', e' and f sharp '), two bells (strikes a 1 and h 1 ) were cast in 1964. In addition, there is a non-ringable bell from 1964 (cis 2 ) in the roof turret of the church. All bells were cast by the Bochum Association .
organ
The full prospectus of the large organ built by the Walker & Cie workshop from 1966 to 1967 still exists today , but the entire musical mechanism was replaced in 2007 when the organs were completely renovated. This renovation was carried out by the Hamburg organ building company Hans-Ulrich Erbslöh, who not only replaced the old musical mechanisms, but also linked the formerly separate main and choir organs with a common control panel with three manuals and a pedal . This enables a special tonal variety.
Surroundings of the church
Historic cemetery Wandsbek
The historic Wandsbek cemetery, now northeast of the church, was laid out around 1623 and used until 1850. Especially in the 19th century it was much larger. The shape and size of the cemetery had to be adapted to the changing location and size of the church, so that extensive reburial work took place several times. B. 1850, 1898 and 1955. Here the royal rests. dan. Lieutenant General Friedrich Philipp Victor von Moltke (1768–1845). A plaque commemorates the resistance fighter Helmuth James von Moltke . The grave of Matthias Claudius and his wife Rebekka is marked by two iron crosses. A bronze relief by the sculptor Waldemar Otto with reference to the poem by Claudius The moon has risen also commemorates Matthias Claudius . In the cemetery there is a memorial for those who died in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 . The graves of some well-known Wandsbek families were located here, and the tombstone of the mayor of Wandsbek and honorary citizen Erich Rodig has stood here since 1990 .
Not publicly accessible memorial sheets for the fallen and bomb dead of the Second World War are in the showcase of a memorial for the war dead on the ground floor of the church tower . A key is available from the church office.
Schimmelmann mausoleum
Heinrich Carl Graf von Schimmelmann ordered the construction of a burial chapel for himself in his will. It was built from 1787 to 1791 by Carl Gottlob Horn according to simplified plans by the Italian architect GA Antolini in the classical style. The interior has a hall decorated with rich stucco, which was probably designed by Francesco Antonio Tadey based on a design by Antolini. It is flanked by two apses in which the sarcophagi made of Italian marble are located. The building is one of the main works of classicism in northern Germany and can be considered the most important architectural monument in the former city of Wandsbek.
Schimmelmann, born in Demmin (Western Pomerania) in 1724 , was a Wandsbeker landowner, rich merchant and royal. Danish treasurer. After his death in Copenhagen in 1782 , he was buried in the mausoleum in 1792 , where his wife Caroline Tugendreich has been resting since 1795.
Soon after the construction of the mausoleum there was a constant need for renovation. As part of this construction work, the door was moved from the east to the west side in 1896. During the First World War, the copper roof was melted down for armament purposes and only replaced in a makeshift manner. The moisture that then penetrated through the temporary roof caused significant damage to the building over the following decades. The problems were not resolved until 1965, when the building had a new copper roof and a new heating system was installed in 1960. The last extensive renovation took place from 1988 to 1990.
Excursus: Wandsbek old cemetery
As a replacement for the churchyard of the Christ Church, which had become too small, a new cemetery was opened about 500 meters further north in 1850. The burial site, now known as the Wandsbek Old Cemetery , is located on Wandsbeker Allee at the corner of Kirchhofstrasse. It has an area of 1.8 hectares with 1,800 grave sites and today belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Tonndorf.
Photographs and map
Coordinates: 53 ° 34 ′ 21.6 " N , 10 ° 4 ′ 16.4" E
View from the north
Silver relief of the Entombment of Christ
Meditation cross behind the altar
Anteroom with baptismal font
War memorial in the church tower
Individual evidence
- ^ Helmuth Fricke, Michael Pommerening, Richard Hölck: The churches on the Wandsbeker market . Mühlenbek-Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-9807460-2-X , p. 25 .
- ↑ Disposition of the great organ from 1967 on the homepage of the organ building company. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
- ↑ Disposition of the choir organ from 1956 on the homepage of the organ building company. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
- ↑ Church council of the community (ed.): Evang.-luth. Christ Church Wandsbek market . Christ Church Community Hamburg-Wandsbek, Hamburg (Flyer, after 2009).
- ↑ a b Old Cemetery Wandsbek - Church Hamburg. In: kirche-hamburg.de. Retrieved April 4, 2018 .
- ^ Claudius monument shows poets under the starry sky. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. January 26, 2015, p. 13. Source: epd.
- ↑ Rodig tombstone at the Wandsbek historical cemetery
- ^ The cemetery guide - Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Mammut Verlag, Leipzig 2008, DNB 990550664 , pp. 208-209.
- ↑ The old cemetery Wandsbek on Kirchhofstraße with links to some graves at fredriks.de
literature
- Helmuth Fricke , Michael Pommerening, Richard Hölck: The churches on the Wandsbeker market . Mühlenbek-Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-9807460-2-X .
- Ralf Lange : Architecture in Hamburg . Junius Verlag , Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-88506-586-9 , p. 197 .
- Helmuth Barth, Manfred F. Fischer , Irina von Jagow, Lars Quadejacob: Hamburg's unknown cultural monuments . L&H Verlag, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-928119-38-9 , p. 106 ff . (to the section on the Schimmelmann mausoleum)
