Direct Yellow 1

Structural formula
General
Surname	Direct Yellow 1
other names	Disodium 3,3 '- (4,4'-biphenyldiyldi-2,1-diazendiyl) bis (6-hydroxybenzoate) ( IUPAC ) ; Chrysamine G.; CI 22250;
Molecular formula	C 26 H 16 N 4 Na 2 O 6
Brief description	orange solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	613-669-4
ECHA InfoCard	100.122.326
PubChem	135475357
ChemSpider	21171545
Wikidata	Q72460819
properties
Molar mass	526.4 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary danger
H and P phrases	H: 350
	P: ?
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

CI Direct Yellow 1 is an azo dye from the application group of direct dyes , which was used as a cotton dye .

history

The dye was developed in 1884 by the chemist Eugen Frank at the paint factory Elberfeld (formerly Friedrich Bayer & Co) .

Manufacturing

Direct Yellow 1, by diazotization of benzidine and subsequent azo coupling with salicylic acid produced.

use

Direct Yellow 1 was used as a dye for dyeing cotton. Since the carcinogenic benzidine can be released from the dye under reductive conditions, the dye is one of the prohibited substances according to Annex 1 (to Section 3) of the Consumer Goods Ordinance (BedGgstV) and must not be used for textile and leather products that have been used for a long time can come into direct contact with human skin or the oral cavity (e.g. clothing, bed linen, towels, shoes, gloves, yarns and fabrics intended for end users).

Direct Yellow 1 and its derivatives reduce the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid in mice , which plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease .

Individual evidence

↑ Data sheet Chrysamine G from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on October 29, 2019 ( PDF ).
↑ entry to azo dyes which can release by reductive azo cleavage benzidine in GESTIS Bank of IFA , accessed on 29 October 2019(JavaScript required) }
↑ Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the indicated labeling it falls under the group entry benzidine-based azo dyes / 4,4'-diarylazobiphenyl dyes, with the exception of those named in this annex Template: link text check / apostrophe in the classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on October 29, 2019. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Ernst Homburg, Anthony S. Travis, Harm G. Schröter (Eds.): The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850-1914 . Industrial Growth, Pollution, and Professionalization. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London 1998, ISBN 0-7923-4889-3 , pp. 272 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ ^A ^b Rudolf Nietzki: Chemistry of organic dyes . Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1889, ISBN 978-3-662-35842-9 , pp. 64 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ Kazuhiro Ishii, William E. Klunk, Shigeki Arawaka, Manik L. Debnath, Yoshiko Furiya, Naruhiko Sahara, Shin'ichi Shoji, Akira Tamaoka, Jay W. Pettegrew, Hiroshi Mori: Chrysamine G and its derivative reduce amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity in mice . In: Neuroscience Letters . tape 333 , no. 1 , November 2002, p. 5 , doi : 10.1016 / s0304-3940 (02) 00915-1 .

[Sigma-1] Data sheet Chrysamine G from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on October 29, 2019 ( PDF ).

[Gestis-2] try to azo dyes which can release by reductive azo cleavage benzidine in GESTIS Bank of IFA , accessed on 29 October 2019(JavaScript required) }

[CLP_100.240.819-3] Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the indicated labeling it falls under the group entry benzidine-based azo dyes / 4,4'-diarylazobiphenyl dyes, with the exception of those named in this annex Template: link text check / apostrophe in the classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on October 29, 2019. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[4] Ernst Homburg, Anthony S. Travis, Harm G. Schröter (Eds.): The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850-1914 . Industrial Growth, Pollution, and Professionalization. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London 1998, ISBN 0-7923-4889-3 , pp. 272 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Nietzki-5] A ^b Rudolf Nietzki: Chemistry of organic dyes . Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1889, ISBN 978-3-662-35842-9 , pp. 64 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[6] Kazuhiro Ishii, William E. Klunk, Shigeki Arawaka, Manik L. Debnath, Yoshiko Furiya, Naruhiko Sahara, Shin'ichi Shoji, Akira Tamaoka, Jay W. Pettegrew, Hiroshi Mori: Chrysamine G and its derivative reduce amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity in mice . In: Neuroscience Letters . tape 333 , no. 1 , November 2002, p. 5 , doi : 10.1016 / s0304-3940 (02) 00915-1 .