Chrysophyllum oliviforme
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Chrysophyllum oliviforme |
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Chrysophyllum oliviforme, or the single-seeded star apple , is a tree in the sapote family from Mexico , Central America and the Caribbean . Today the species is also found in Florida, Hawaii and Australia.
description
Chrysophyllum oliviforme grows as an evergreen shrub up to about 3 meters high or then as a tree up to 8-10, rarely up to 15 meters high. The bark is relatively smooth to slightly cracked, scaly and brownish-greyish and there are roots on the trunk. The younger branches are rusty and hairy. The tree has a milky sap .
The simple, alternate, leathery and firm, stiff leaves have short stems. The thick petiole is about 0.4-1.5 inches long and very short with rusty hair. The leaves are entire, ovate to elliptical, lanceolate and acuminate, pointed to acuminate. They are up to 4–12 centimeters long. The underside is initially very short and densely copper-colored, silky hairy, later bald and then becomes pale green, the upper side is shiny and bare. The nerve is finely pinnate with a thick and raised central vein on the underside. Stipules are missing.
The axillary flowers appear individually or in groups of up to ten, clustered at the branch ends. The stalked, hermaphrodite flowers are usually five-fold with a double flower envelope . The plump flower stalk is short and hairy with rust. The outside, short and rusty hairy sepals are short fused with rounded and broad-egg-shaped tips. The greenish-yellow to white petals are fused into a short corolla tube with curved, triangular and rounded tips. The five short stamens sit at the top of the throat. The hairy, fünfkammerige ovary is upper constant, with an almost seated and disc-shaped, lobed stigma , with a short and wide pen .
The dark purple, single-seeded, olive-shaped berries are egg-shaped, finely ribbed, mostly smooth to slightly rough and shiny. They are 2–3 centimeters long, with a rubbery skin and whitish to purple, fleshy, juicy and sweet flesh. The egg-shaped to ellipsoidal, brownish and smooth seed with a thin seed coat is about 1.3-1.5 centimeters long. It has a larger scar ( hilum ) on one side .
Taxonomy
The first description was in 1759 by Carl von Linné in Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 937. Synonyms are Chrysophyllum oliviforme var. typicum Cronquist , Cynodendron oliviforme (L.) Baehni , Dactimala oliviformis (L.) Raf. , Guersentia oliviformis (L.) Raf.
There are two subspecies:
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme subsp. angustifolium (Lam.) TDPenn. ; only in Haiti and the Dominican Republic , smaller leaves; up to 5 centimeters long, very short petiole; up to 5 millimeters long, smaller inflorescences, smaller growth height up to about 5 meters. It occurs in Hispaniola.
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme subsp. oliviforme : It occurs from Florida and Mexico to the Caribbean.
use
The fruits are edible. The wood is hard and heavy and can be used in carpentry.
literature
- Charles Sprague Sargent : The Silva of North America. Vol. V, 1893, pp. 161 f, T. CCXLIII, online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- Satinleaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme). weedwatch, 2012, (PDF) from Technigro, accessed on September 2, 2019.
- Chrysophyllum in the Flora of North America Vol. 8.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Chrysophyllum oliviforme. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 4, 2020.
Web links
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme on plantsystematics.org, accessed September 2, 2019 (with pictures of the fruit).
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme on NYBG, accessed September 2, 2019.