Citrus tangerina
| Tangerine | ||||||||||||
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A cultivated tangerine tree ( Citrus tangerina ) in a garden |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Citrus tangerina | ||||||||||||
| Tanaka |
As Tangerine ( Citrus tangerina ) is both a citrus from the family of Rutaceae and the orange fruit of the same designated. In English-speaking countries, the word tangerine is used synonymously for this fruit as well as for the mandarin ( Citrus reticulata ), although this is a closely related but probably not identical species, which according to the current status of phylogenetic studies has not yet been conclusively clarified could be.
Origin and Breeding
Etymologically, Tangerine can be traced back to the Moroccan port city of Tangier . The Oxford English Dictionary describes tangerine as an adjective meaning "related to, located in or belonging to Tangier" or "inhabitant of Tangier". In the vicinity of said town, fruits were found that were first mentioned in the 18th century and scientifically described as Citrus nobilis var. Tangeriana from the beginning of the 19th century . According to the taxonomy classification of the Japanese botanist Chōzaburō Tanaka , the tangerine was then classified as an independent species, although other classifications such as that of Walter Tennyson Swingle consider it a variant of the mandarin ( Citrus reticulata ). Recent genetic studies have shown that the tangerines are very similar to the mandarins, but a definitive assignment has not yet been made.
In the middle of the 19th century, tangerines began to be grown in North America. A certain Major Atway owned plantations of plants imported from Morocco in Palatka, Florida and is named as the first breeder in the United States. In 1843 Atway sold to an NH Moragne, who later marketed the fruit under the name Moragne tangerines . From these specimens one of the most popular tangerine varieties in America later developed, the Dancy tangerine , which is rarely found nowadays, as it was very sensitive during transport and susceptible to fungal attack. The Dancy tangerines were the best-selling variety in the USA until the 1970s, although nowadays they can only be found in private breeders.
Description and use
Tangerines are visually very similar to the mandarins known in Central Europe with their orange-colored, pore-rich skin, the plump to subtly soft ripe fruit and, compared to the orange, smaller shape with flattening at the poles. The peel is relatively thin with a slightly pronounced, bitter-tasting mesocarp and, like mandarins, can be easily peeled. The pulp tastes sweeter and more aromatic than that of oranges and the sour taste component is less prominent. The number of seeds in the individual segments varies significantly.
The fruits are harvested between autumn and spring. The pulp is used in many main dishes, salads and desserts, although the fruit is most commonly peeled and eaten raw. Dried or freshly grated, the peel of untreated fruits is also used as a garnish or part of recipes for cakes or fruit loaves. The juice is sold fresh or as a concentrate in countries where tangerines are grown.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Economical meaning
See: Economic Importance of the Tangerine
Nutritional value
| 100 g tangerines contain: | |||||||||
| Calorific value | protein | fat | carbohydrates | of which sugar | Fiber | potassium | Calcium | magnesium | vitamin C |
| 223 kJ (53 kcal ) | 0.81 g | 0.31 g | 13.34 g | 10.58 g | 1.8 g | 166 mg | 37 mg | 12 mg | 26.7 mg |
As in mandarins, tangerines contain large amounts of vitamin C , folic acid and beta-carotene . It also contains potassium , magnesium , thiamine , riboflavin and vitamin B3 . Lutein and zeaxanthin are also ingredients in the fruit. The main constituent of the oil is limonene ; it also contains alpha-pinene , myrcene , gamma-terpinene , citronellal , linalool , citral , ethyl acetate , geranyl acetate , geraniol , thymol and carvone .
Trivia
The band Tangerine Dream named themselves after this fruit.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Plant List (ed.): Citrus tangerina Yu.Tanaka - The Plant List . ( theplantlist.org ).
- ↑ oed.com (Ed.): Oxford English Dictionary . ( oed.com ).
- ↑ a b Tree Genetics (Ed.): New universal mitochondrial PCR markers reveal new information on maternal citrus phylogeny . tape 7 , p. 49-61 , doi : 10.1007 / s11295-010-0314-x .
- ^ The Plant List (Ed.): Synonyms of C. reticulata . ( theplantlist.org ).
- ↑ AH Krezdorn: Classification of Citrus . ( purdue.edu [PDF]).
- ↑ Tshering Penjor: Phylogenetic Relationships of Citrus and Its Relatives Based on matK Gene Sequences . Ed .: PLoS ONE. tape 8 , April 25, 2013, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0062574 , PMID 23638116 , PMC 3636227 (free full text) - ( plosone.org ).
- ↑ H. Harold Hume: Citrus Fruits and Their Culture . Ed .: O. Judd Company. 1913, p. 101 ( google.com ).
- ↑ http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/dancy.html
- ↑ Larry K. Jackson: HS169 / CH074: Dancy Tangerine . Ed .: ufl.edu. ( ufl.edu ).
- ↑ AL.com (Ed.): Satsuma cultivars: The best and the worst . ( al.com [accessed December 5, 2017]).
- ↑ http://www.slowfoodusa.org/ark-item/dancy-tangerine
- ↑ Citrus tangerina at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ USDA database entry . (English, usda.gov [accessed December 5, 2017]).
- ↑ Susanna Lyle: Fruit & nuts: a comprehensive guide to the cultivation, uses and health benefits of over 300 food-producing plants . Ed .: Timber Press. March 20, 2006, p. 145 ( google.com [accessed December 5, 2017]).