Cochlostoma partioti
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Cochlostoma partioti |
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| ( Moquin-Tandon in de Saint-Simon , 1848) |
Cochlostoma partioti is a species of snail from the family of the forest cap snail (Cochlostomatidae) in the order Architaenioglossa ("old bandworm")living on land.
features
The right-hand winding case is up to 11.6 mm high and up to 4.8 mm wide (9 to 10 × 3.5 to 4.5 mm: Kerney et al., Welter Schultes). It has 8 to 8.5 moderately rounded turns. The first turns have an outer edge that is completely hidden by the seam. The last turn is rounded and only slightly constricted. The sculpture of the surface is only weak and only visible under the microscope. It is finely granulated on the first embryonic turn, the following 1.5 turns show very fine, dense ribs. On the other turns, the fine ribs are very close (about 12 to 13 ribs per millimeter). On the end turn they are even closer together; here up to 17 ribs per millimeter. The ribs are not thickened at the seam.
The mouth is egg-shaped and slightly pointed at the top. The hem of the mouth is reinforced and drawn out into a collar, but without any support on the inside. The edge of the mouth is drawn out into a distinct ear in the spindle area, whereas the edge of the mouth in the parietal area is less or barely “eared”. The edge of the mouth is strikingly white. The operculum is thin, horny and shows only a few turns. It sits on the upper part of the foot surrounded by a fleshy ring.
The housing is gray to brownish-purple in color. Below the seam there is a band with brown spots. Another patch tape sits above the seam and shifts on the end turn to the outer periphery of the turn. A third brown band runs in the navel area of the case. The intervals between the brown spots are formed by lighter areas of the ribs.
The soft body of the animal is gray-white to reddish gray and speckled with fine, irregular black spots. The soft body becomes a little lighter towards the bottom. The head foot is quite compact and only moderately long. The housing, which is worn diagonally downwards to the rear, rests on the operculum and protrudes over the soft body by more than half the total length of the housing. The foot is surrounded by a marginal pit just above the edge of the sole of the foot. The snout is only moderately divided into two lobes. The two antennae are slender and usually somewhat darker than the body. At the base of the antennae, one eye is located on a slight swelling, pointing outwards. The buccal apparatus contains a pair of jaws and the radula. The radula is about 100 μm wide and several millimeters long. Each row consists of a central tooth, two posterior teeth and two peripheral teeth. All teeth are about the same size and curved-spatula-shaped. There may be a second pair of marginal teeth, but they are greatly reduced. The animals are of separate sex.
The female genital tract consists of the ovaries in the upper turns of the housing, which are connected to the uterus / vagina complex by a thin fallopian tube. Shortly before entering the uterus or seminal vesicle, the fallopian tube is swollen and forms a tight knot. It then divides into two conductors, one entering the uterus, one entering the seminal vesicle. The seminal vesicle is very close to the proximal part of the uterus. The entry into the seminal vesicle is more distal, near the uterus.
In the male's genital tract, the light orange sex glands are also located in the upper turns of the housing. The thin vas deferens runs along the spindle and enters the elongated, flattened and rounded at the top prostate, which sits at the rear end of the mantle cavity. The gradually thinning prostate opens into a closed pit on the right side of the animal behind the eye, from where a closed conductor runs to the base of the penis. The penis is comparatively large with an internal conductor leading to the tip of the penis. In Cochlostoma partioti , the penis is very characteristically “key-shaped”. The penis is cylindrical in the lower half, flattens out in the upper half, widens and gradually tapers to the tip.
Similar species
Cochlostoma partioti and Cochlostoma crassilabrum were previously treated as synonyms for the dark forest snail ( Cochlostoma obscurum ). However, cochlostoma partioti and cochlostoma crassilabrum occur sympatric and can be easily distinguished even in the juvenile stage. Cochlostoma partioti is, on average, smaller with tighter coils. The postembryonic convolutions are very finely ribbed in C. partioti and coarsely ribbed in C. crassilabrum . The penis of the male in C. partioti is significantly wider in the distal area. The frequencies of the alleles of LAP ( leucine aminopeptidase ) and IDH ( isocitrate dehydrogenase ) clearly show that the two species are reproductively isolated. The calculated genetic distance between Cochlostoma partioti and Cochlostoma crassilabrum is 0.45 to 0.67 (see genetic distance between C. obscurum and C. crassilabrum 0.32 and 0.45).
Geographical distribution and habitat
The range of the species is limited to a few valleys in the central and western Pyrenees: the valleys of Lourdes / Gavarnie ( Hautes-Pyrénées ), Gave d'Ossau ( Pyrénées-Atlantiques ) and the Upper Ara valley in the province Huesca ( Aragon ).
The animals live on limestone rocks. They prefer the shady surfaces of boulders. It occurs from about 500 to 1000 m above sea level.
Taxonomy
The taxon was proposed in 1848 in the work "Miscellanées malacologiques" by Alfred de Saint-Simon as Cyclostoma (Pomatias) partioti and attributed to Alfred Moquin-Tandon . However, the species is mostly attributed to Alfred Saint-Simon alone in the literature. Since Alfred Moquin-Tandon is mentioned in the work of Saint-Simon to the effect that he has examined the anatomy of the animal and would publish these results soon (but this has not happened), it can be assumed that the name and information for the description from Moquin-Tandon. Why should Alfred de Saint-Simon ascribe a new species to another author if he had not made a significant contribution to the discovery and description? Serge Gofas lists the following synonyms:
- Pomatias partioti var. Crosseana Saint-Simon in 1867.
- Pomatias lapurdensis Fagot, 1880.
- Pomatias neglectus Fagot, 1891.
- Cochlostoma (Obscurella) loebbeckei Kobelt, 1902
The taxon was not generally recognized as a distinct species. In 1897, Anton Josef Wagner reduced the taxon to a variety of Cochlostoma (Obscurella) obscurum (Draparnaud, 1805). Wilhelm Kobelt treated the taxon as an independent species and transferred it to the genus or subgenus Cochlostoma (Obscurella) for the first time . Raven (1990) again synonymized the taxon with Cochlostoma obscurum . Other authors also confused the taxon with Cochlostoma crassilabrum . The Fauna Europaea leads the taxon again as an independent species under Cochlostoma (Obscurella) partioti .
supporting documents
literature
- Serge Gofas: The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited. In: Journal of Natural History. 35 (9), 2001, pp. 1277-1369. doi : 10.1080 / 002229301750384301
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 65.
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 , A1-A3 S., Q1-Q78 S.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gofas: The systematics of Pyrenean ... 2001, pp. 1294-1299.
- ^ Alfred de Saint-Simon: Miscellanées malacologiques. Première décade. Toulouse, Labouisse-Rochefort 1848, pp. 1-41. online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 36).
- ↑ a b Wilhelm Kobelt: The animal kingdom. A compilation and identification of the recent animal forms. 16. Delivery. Mollusca. Cyclophoridae. Friedländer, Berlin 1902, pp. I-XXXIX, pp. 1-662. online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (pp. 502, 504/5).
- ^ Anton Josef Wagner (Antoni Jozef Wagner): Monograph of the genus Pomatias Studer. In: Memoranda of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, mathematical-scientific class. 64, Vienna 1897, pp. 565–632, plates 1–10. online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (pp. 585-586).
- ↑ JGM (Han) Raven: A revision of Obscurella Clessin, 1889 (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Cyclophoridae). In: Basteria. 54, Leiden 1990, pp. 1-62.
- ↑ Fauna Europaea - Cochlostoma (Obscurella) partioti. Saint-Simon, 1848.
On-line
Web links
- Molluscs of Central Europe
- Obscurella partioti inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: Feher, Z., 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2014.