Cohors I Britannica
The Cohors I Britannica [Antoniniana] [civium Romanorum] [milliaria] [equitata] ( German 1st cohort Britannica [the Antoninian] [of the Roman citizens] [1000 men] [partially mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.
Name components
- Britannica : The soldiers of the cohort were recruited in the Roman province of Britannia when the unit was established . The auxiliary units set up in Britain have three different names: Britannica , Britannorum and Brittonum . The reasons why different names were chosen are unclear.
- Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorary title that refers to Caracalla (211-217). The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 1929, 1 ).
- civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen or with Roman citizenship . The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at a certain point in time (probably during the first Dacian War of Trajan around 101/102). However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition occurs in military diplomas from 100 to 128 AD and in the inscriptions ( AE 1944, 34 , CIL 5, 6995 ).
- milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it is an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men. In the military diplomas and inscriptions, the symbol is used instead of milliaria .
- equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition occurs in the inscriptions ( AE 1944, 34 , CIL 5, 6995 ).
The unit was a Cohors milliaria equitata . The nominal strength of the unit was therefore 1040 men, consisting of 10 Centurien infantry with 80 men each and 8 tower cavalry with 30 riders each.
history
The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia , Moesia superior, and Dacia (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years 80 to 164 AD.
The first evidence of unity in Pannonia is based on a military diploma dated 80. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Pannonia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 84 to 85, prove unity in the same province.
During the Dacian Wars the cohort was moved to Moesia superior . The first evidence of provincial unity is based on a diploma dated 103/106. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas dated 103/107 to 105 prove unity in the same province.
After the end of the Dacian Wars, the cohort was moved to the new province of Dacia . The first evidence of unity in Dacia is based on a diploma dated 109. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated from 110 to 164, prove the unit in the same province (or from 119 in Dacia Superior and from 123 in Dacia Porolissensis ).
The last evidence of the cohort is based on the inscription ( AE 1929, 1 ), which is dated to 211/217. The unit may have been stationed in Dacia until the province was surrendered around 275.
Locations
Locations of the cohort in Pannonia were possibly:
Locations of the cohort in Dacia may have been:
- Cășeiu (Samum): the tombstone of Aurelius Respectus and other inscriptions were found here. The cohort had been stationed in Cășeiu since the reign of Hadrian , where it presumably remained until 275.
- Dierna
- Slaveni
Bricks with the stamps CIB , COH IB and COH I BR were found in these places in Dacia , but these stamps can also stand for other cohorts.
Members of the cohort
The following members of the cohort are known:
Commanders
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Others
See also
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ A reliable assignment to the Cohors I Britannica is not possible. The inscription says COH I BR , so that the Cohors I Aelia Brittonum could also be considered.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , Pp. 189, 193-194.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Tatiana Alexandrovna Ivleva: Britons abroad: the mobility of Britons and the circulation of British-made objects in the Roman Empire Dissertation, Leiden University 2012, pp. 82–91, 489–497 ( online ).
- ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 161, 165, 169–170 tables 5, 8, 11–12 ( PDF pp. 163, 166, 171–172 ).
- ↑ Military diplomas of the years 80 ( CIL 16, 26 ), 84 ( CIL 16, 30 ), 85 ( CIL 16, 31 ), 103/106 ( RMM 13 ), 103/107 ( CIL 16, 54 ), 105 ( CIL 16 , 49 ), 109 ( RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 57 , CIL 16, 163 , ZPE-176-221 ), 113/114 ( RMD 4, 225 ), 114 ( RMD 4, 226 ), 119 ( RMD 5, 351 ), 123 ( RMD 1, 21 , RMD 1, 22 ), 128 ( ZPE-170-214 ), 133 ( RMD 1, 35 ), 159 ( IDR 1, 17b , RMD 1, 47 ), 161/162 ( RMD 3, 177 ) and 164 ( AMN-2006 / 07-203 , CIL 16, 185 , RMD 1, 63 , RMD 1, 64 , RMD 4, 287 ).
- ^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here pp. 274-275 ( online ).