Cohors I Ligurum et Hispanorum

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The Cohors I Ligurum et Hispanorum [civium Romanorum] [equitata] ( German  1st cohort of the Ligurians and Hispanics [of the Roman citizens] [partially mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. In the inscriptions she is also referred to as Cohors I Ligurum .

Name components

  • Ligurum et Hispanorum : the Ligurian and Hispanic . When the unit was established, the majority of the soldiers in the cohort were initially recruited from the Ligurian people . At a later date, a greater number of Hispanics were accepted into the unit.
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition appears in the military diploma of 116 as well as in the inscriptions ( AE 1981, 604 , CIL 5, 7896 , CIL 5, 7900 ).
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was possibly a mixed formation of infantry and cavalry. The addition does not appear anywhere, but since Sextus Sulpicius Sabinus Vexillarius , d. H. This is assumed to have been the standard bearer of a tower .

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors (quingenaria) equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Alpes Maritimae and Germania superior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 116 to 153 AD.

The unit was probably set up under Augustus ; it is documented in the first century in the province of Alpes Maritimae . Tacitus mentions in his Historiae (Book II, Chapter 14) a Ligurum cohors , which was used by Fabius Valens in the dispute between Otho and Vitellius to defend the coast of Gallia Narbonensis against the fleet of Othos.

The cohort was probably moved to the province of Germania superior in the 1980s , where it is first documented by a diploma dated 116. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 129 to 153, prove unity in the same province.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Alpes Maritimae were:

  • Cemenelum ( Cimiez ): Numerous inscriptions have been found here. In what is now Nice , initially the Cohors I Ligurum and later the Cohors I Ligurum et Hispanorum were stationed.

Locations of the cohort in Germania superior were possibly:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

  • [] us Petiicanus: he is named on the diploma of 153 as the commander of the cohort.
  • [] [Asi] aticus, a prefect ( AE 1914, 148 )

Others

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ There were two units named Cohors Ligurum and Cohors I Ligurum, respectively . One was stationed in the province of Alpes Maritimae : it gave birth to the Cohors I Ligurum et Hispanorum . The other was stationed in Sardinia : it gave rise to the Cohors II Gemina Ligurum et Corsorum .
  2. ↑ a b According to Margaret M. Roxan, there are two possible circumstances that led to the Cohors I Ligurum being expanded to become Cohors I Ligurum et Hispanorum . First, it is conceivable that under Vitellius the Cohors I Ligurum was merged with the Cohors III Hispanorum to form the Cohors I Ligurum et Hispanorum . Second, it would be conceivable that the Cohors I Ligurum was reinforced by soldiers who had been raised under Galba in Hispania .
  3. ↑ John Spaul assigns Asiaticus to the Cohors I Ligurum . The reading at EDCS is [pr] aef (ectus) coh (ortis) I [Ast] urum (?) .
  4. ↑ a b John Spaul assigns Gallianus and Tertius to the Cohors I Ligurum , Georgette Laguerre on the other hand to the Cohors I Gaetulorum . The reading at EDCS is c (ohortis) Gaetul (orum) .
  5. ↑ John Spaul and Georgette Laguerre assign Titus Aurelius Bodionticus to the Cohors I Ligurum . The reading at EDCS is coh (ortis) n (au) t (ic) o (rum) . See also Cohors Nauticorum .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1841710464 , pp. 258, 269– 270
  2. ↑ a b c d Margaret M. Roxan : The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula Volume 1. (PDF 23.5 MB) discovery.ucl.ac.uk, 1973, pp. 274-279 (277-282 ) , accessed on October 15, 2018 .
  3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 159 table 3 ( PDF p. 161 ).
  4. ↑ a b Margaret M. Roxan: The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula Volume 2. (PDF 9.8 MB) discovery.ucl.ac.uk, 1973, p. 683 (104) , accessed on 15. October 2018 (English).
  5. ↑ Military diplomas from 116 ( CIL 16, 62 ), 129 ( RMD 2, 90 ), 134 ( CIL 16, 80 ) and 153 ( RMD 4, 274 ).
  6. ↑ a b c d Georgette Laguerre: L'occupation militaire de Cemenelum (Cimiez-Nice) In: Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise Année , 1969, pp. 165-184, here pp. 168-172, 179-180, 182-183 ( Online ).