Cohors I Ubiorum

The Cohors I Ubiorum [equitata] ( German 1st cohort of the Ubier [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps. In the diplomas from 69/79 to 125/126 and in inscriptions it is referred to as Cohors Ubiorum .

Name components

Ubiorum : the Ubier . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Germanic Ubier tribe when the unit was established .

equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia , Moesia inferior , Dacia inferior, and Dacia superior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years 69/79 to 179 AD.

A Cohors Ubiorum is first documented by an inscription that is dated to 14/37 AD. The inscription shows that this unit was already partially mounted ( peditum et equitum ). The unit was probably stationed in Germania inferior in the 1st century ; she was relocated at an unspecified time, while she was temporarily staying in the province of Noricum .

The first evidence in Moesia is based on a diploma dated 69/79. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas dated from 75 to 105 prove the unit in the same province (or from 92 in Moesia inferior ).

At an unspecified date, the unit was transferred to the province of Dacia Inferior , where it is first evidenced by a diploma dated 120/130. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, which are dated from 125/126 to 179, prove the unit in the same province (or from 136/138 in Dacia superior ).

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Dacia may have been:

Arrubium ( Măcin )
Capidava : an inscription and bricks with the stamp COH I UBIOR were found here.
Odorheiu Secuiesc : Bricks with the CI UB stamp were found here.

Bricks marked CI UB were found in another location in Dacia .

Locations of the cohort in Noricum were possibly:

Favianis ( Mautern ): Bricks with the stamp CHO I UB were found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

C (aius) Iunius Terti [us], a prefect ( CIL 10, 6015 )
L (ucius) Pompeius Celer, a prefect ( CIL 3, 1571 )

Marcus Vergilius Gallus Lusius , a prefect
Ti (berius) Iulius Viator, a prefect ( Pais 185 ). He was also sub-prefect of the Cohors III Lusitanorum .

Others

M (arcus) Cocceius Vit (u) lus, a veteran and former signer ( AE 1950, 46 )

literature

John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

↑ According to Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu, Werner Eck suggested that instead of relocating the cohort, the provincial borders between Dacia inferior and Dacia superior had been shifted and the troops stationed in the affected area were also taken over. In this case, the Cohors I Ubiorum would have remained at its Odorheiu Secuiesc location .

Individual evidence

↑ Inscription with equitata Pais 185

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 235, 252-253.

^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 166, 169 tables 9, 11 ( PDF ).

↑ Military diplomas of the years 69/79 ( EDCS 7 ), 75 ( AE 2009, 1800 , RMM 1 ), 77/78 ( AE 2011, 1118 ), 78 ( RMD 5, 325 ), 92 ( ZPE-148-269 ), 97 ( RMD 3, 140 ), 99 ( CIL 16, 44 ), 99/110 ( RMD 4, 221 ), 105 ( AE 2004, 1256 , RMM 11 ), 120/130 ( RMD 5, 374 ), 125/126 ( AE 2009, 1035 ), 136/138 ( RMD 5, 384 ), 144 ( CIL 16, 90 ), 157 ( CIL 16, 107 ) and 179 ( RMD 2, 123 ).

^ Inscription CIL 10, 4862

↑ ^a ^b Max Nistler : Römische Denkmale , p. 10 ( online ).

^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here pp. 295-296 ( online ).

^ Inscription from Capidava AE 1950, 46

^ Bricks from Capidava AE 1997, 1330

↑ Bricks from Odorheiu Secuiesc IDR-03-04, 00262

^ Bricks IDR-03-04, 00132

↑ Bricks from Favianis CIL 3, 13539a

[GE-7] According to Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu, Werner Eck suggested that instead of relocating the cohort, the provincial borders between Dacia inferior and Dacia superior had been shifted and the troops stationed in the affected area were also taken over. In this case, the Cohors I Ubiorum would have remained at its Odorheiu Secuiesc location .

[IN1-1] Inscription with equitata Pais 185

[jsp-2] A ^b ^c ^d John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 235, 252-253.

[js-3] Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 166, 169 tables 9, 11 ( PDF ).