Computer modern
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| font | Computer modern |
| category | |
| Font classification | Classicist Antiqua |
| Font designer | Donald E. Knuth |
| Variations | Latin Modern |
| example | |
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Computer Modern is a font family for TeX developed by Donald E. Knuth . Computer Modern is written in Metafont and the source code is freely available . The Computer Modern fonts can be used freely and further developed as long as the original names of Knuth's implementation are not used.
description
Computer Modern comprises three font families :
- Computer Modern Roman : a classicist antiqua based on Monotype Modern 8A. The Roman family is very well developed with italics, bold roman, bold italics and small caps .
- Computer Modern Sans Serif : a grotesque based on the forms of the novel , designed by Richard Southall.
- Computer Modern Typewriter : a disproportionate one in the forms to match the novel .
There are also some special forms and two families with mathematical characters (including Greek letters ).
The individual font styles are available in a whole range of design sizes. This distinguishes them from many digitized fonts, which are only offered in a single draft size and which otherwise have to be scaled linearly.
The special thing about the Computer Modern is that it is not only programmed in Metafont, but also makes great use of Metaness . This means that one and the same program, depending on the parameters, produces very different forms of a letter.
Optimal bitmaps for each output device can be calculated from the Metafont sources . The Computer Modern fonts are now also available in Type 1 format .
History, further developments
The forerunners of the Computer Modern fonts were the am fonts ( read either as American Modern or later as Almost Modern ), which Donald Knuth implemented in METAFONT 78, the predecessor of METAFONT.
There are various further developments of the Computer Modern fonts, on the one hand new font styles were derived from the sources, on the other hand the character set was greatly expanded.
Other font styles
- Concrete fonts : an Egyptienne developed by Donald Knuth for the book Concrete Mathematics .
- ecbright : an improved sans serif font that was developed by Walter Schmidt - first as cmbright with the character set of cm fonts, later expanded to include Cork coding .
Extended character set
- AMS symbols : two families of 128 characters with additional math symbols
- lh fonts : Extension for the Cyrillic script
- cbgreek : Extension for the Greek script (with all ancient accents )
- ec fonts : Extension for almost all European languages with Latin script
- fc fonts : Extension for African languages with Latin script
- LaTeX symbols : 11 more math symbols for LaTeX
- TIPA : International Phonetic Alphabet
See also
TrueType implementations
- Incomplete versions in different sizes and cuts in the CTAN
- A Unicode implementation of Computer Modern for X11 and (to a large extent) also for Microsoft Windows
literature
- Donald E. Knuth: Computers and Typesetting Volume E. The Computer Modern Fonts. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. 1986, ISBN 0-201-13446-2 .