Constantin Daicoviciu

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Constantin Daicoviciu
Statue in Cluj-Napoca (by Ion Irimescu, installed in 1977)

Constantin Daicoviciu (pronunciation konstanˈtin ˈdajkovit͡ʃju , born March 1, 1898 in Kavarán , Banat ; † May 27, 1973 in Cluj ) was a Romanian ancient historian , provincial Roman archaeologist and politician , who taught at the University of Cluj from 1928 to 1968 and in the State Council from 1961 sat. Due to his historical and archaeological research, he was considered one of the best experts on the early history of Romania of his time.

Life

Constantin Daicoviciu, the son of a teacher, grew up in a small village in the Banat , which at that time belonged to the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy . From 1918 to 1922 he studied classical studies at the University of Cluj , in particular classical philology and archeology . In 1922 he completed an internship at the Institute for Archeology and Numismatics . From 1925 to 1927 he undertook a long research trip through Italy as a fellow of the Accademia di Romania in Roma . On his return to Cluj he graduated there in 1928 his doctorate Dr. phil. and got an assistant position. In 1932 he completed his habilitation and received the award from the Romanian Academy . In 1938 he was appointed full professor. In 1940/41 he served as dean, also in 1945 after the coup in Romania . From 1945 he was also a part-time director of the National Museum of the History of Transylvania in Cluj (until 1968).

After the end of the monarchy and the proclamation of the People's Republic of Romania, Daicoviciu worked in January 1947 as Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Social Security and Labor. Politically, he was close to Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej , the head of the Romanian Communist Party , with whom he particularly shared a penchant for national historiography. In 1955 he was elected a member of the Romanian Academy and in 1957 rector of the University of Cluj. From 1961 Daicoviciu was a member of the State Council . In 1968 he retired, but remained active at the Academy and in the State Council.

Daicoviciu always combined historical and archaeological methods in his research. His field of work was Romanian antiquity from the pre-Roman and Roman times, on which he published numerous monographs and essays in Romanian, French, Italian and German. He was particularly concerned with Roman monuments and Latin inscriptions. An important focus of work was the origin of the Romanian people and the pre-Roman population of Dacia . In addition to his specialist publications, Daicoviciu also wrote non-fiction books in Romanian and German, which were published several times between the 1960s and 1980s.

Daicoviciu has been honored several times for his services: in 1932 the German Archaeological Institute made him a corresponding member, in 1950 he received the State Prize of the People's Republic of Romania, in 1962 the Austrian Academy of Sciences elected him a corresponding member, in 1968 the Alfred Toepfer Foundation FVS awarded him the Herder -Price ; also in 1968 he was named a hero of socialist labor . After his death in 1974 his place of birth Căvăran was named after him. At the National Museum of the History of Transylvania in Cluj-Napoca, a street was named after Daicoviciu and in 1977 a statue made by the sculptor Ion Irimescu was erected.

His son Hadrian Daicoviciu (1932–1984) also embarked on an academic career as a historian, archaeologist and university lecturer.

Fonts (selection)

Scientific monographs
  • Un ghid latinesc al Transilvaniei . Cluj 1929
  • Sarmizegetusa (Ulpia Traiana) în lumina săpăturilor . Bucharest 1938
  • La Transylvanie dans l'Antiquité . Bucharest 1938
    • 2nd edition, revision in German: Transylvania in antiquity . Bucharest 1943
    • Italian edition: La Transilvania nell'antichità . Bucharest 1943
  • The problem of the continuit en Dacie . Bucharest 1940 (= Revue de Transylvanie 6.1)
  • Nesciendi ars . Sibiu 1944
  • Aşezările dacice din Munţii Orăştiei: 1. Studul topografic al aşetărilor. 2. Studiu bibliografic asupra aşezarilor . Bucharest 1951
  • Cetatea dacică de la Piatra Roşie: monograph arheologica . Bucharest 1954
  • Ulpia Traiana: Sarmizegetusa romană . Bucharest 1962. 2nd edition 1966
    • French edition: Sarmizegetusa. The citadelles et les agglomérations daciques des Monts d'Orăştie . Bucharest 1963
    • German edition: Sarmizegethusa. The Dacian castles and settlements in the Orăştie Mountains . Bucharest 1963
  • La formation du peuple roumain et de sa langue . Bucharest 1963 (= Bibliotheca Historica Romaniae 1)
  • Dacia liberă şi Dacia romană. La Dacie libre et la Dacie romaine . Bucharest 1964
  • The emergence of the Romanian people and the Romanian language . Bucharest 1964 (= Bibliotheca historica Romaniae 1)
  • Brève histoire de la Transylvanie . Bucharest 1964 (= Bibliotheca Historica Romaniae, Monographies 3)
  • The origins of the Romanian people in the light of the latest research and excavations . Munich 1967 (= Southeast European Studies 9)
  • with Andrei Aricescu: Noi monumente epigrafice din Scythia Minor . Constanta 1968
  • Dacica: studii și articole privind istoria veche a pămîntului românesc . Cluj 1969 (= Bibliotheca Musei Napocensis 1)
Non-fiction
  • Istoria Romîniei . Vol. 1: Comuna primitiva. Sclavagismul. Perioada de trecere la feudalism . Bucharest 1960
  • Columna lui Traian . Bucharest 1966. 2nd edition 1968
  • with Ion Miclea: Romania in Early and Ancient Times . Vienna 1970
  • with Emil Condurachi: Romania . Munich / Geneva 1972

literature

  • Omagiu lui Constantin Daicoviciu: cu prilejul împlinirii a 60 de ani . Bucharest 1960 (with picture)
  • Paul Oprescu: L'anniversaire de l'académicien Constantin Daicoviciu . In: Révue roumaine d'histoire . Volume 7 (1968), pp. 662-664
  • Emil Condurachi: L'académicien Constantin Daicoviciu (1898–1973) . In: Révue roumaine d'histoire . Vol. 12 (1973), pp. 1133-1138
  • On the death of Prof. C. Daicoviciu . In: Communications of the Southeast Europe Society . Volume 13 (1973), pp. 67-68
  • Hadrian Daicoviciu (Editor): In memoriam Constantini Daicoviciu . Cluj-Napoca 1974 (with picture)

Web links

Commons : Constantin Daicoviciu  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Daicoviciu, Constantin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Daicoviciu, Constantine
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Romanian ancient historian, Roman provincial archaeologist and politician
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Căvăran , Banat
DATE OF DEATH May 27, 1973
Place of death Cluj