Dacryodes edulis

Dacryodes edulis
	Dacryodes edulis
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Sapindales (Sapindales)
Family :	Balsam family (Burseraceae)
Genre :	Dacryodes
Type :	Dacryodes edulis
Scientific name
	Dacryodes edulis
	( G.Don ) HJLam.

Foliage leaves

fruit

Fruit and stone core

Dacryodes edulis or African plum and bush butter tree , or saphu tree , as well as Saf (o) u , Safoutier , is a plant species from the balsam tree family from West and Central Africa . It was also introduced in Zimbabwe , Indonesia , Malaysia, and Central America .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Dacryodes edulis grows as an evergreen tree up to 40 meters tall with a richly branched and dense crown. In culture, however, it usually does not grow taller than 20 meters. The trunk diameter can be over 90 centimeters, the trunk is often slightly fluted at the bottom. The relatively smooth bark is grayish-brown with horizontal folds and breaks off into plates. The tribe carries an aromatic resin (Kongo- Elemi ). The young twigs are hairy brown and tomentose.

The mostly alternate, stalked leaves are mostly unpaired pinnate and up to 40 centimeters long, with more or less hairy rachis . The stalked, shiny and entire-margined leaflets are up to 20 centimeters long and ovate to lanceolate or oblong, less often obovate, as well as pointed to pointed or tail. The lighter underside of the leaflet is more or less hairy, especially on the protruding, thick, brownish central vein. There are sloping pseudo next sheets available (small modified leaves).

Generative characteristics

Dacryodes edulis is dioeciously separated sexually dioecious ( gynodioce , andromonoce ), with female and male-hermaphroditic plants. Up to 40 centimeters long axillary, short brownish hairy panicles are formed, whereby the female inflorescences are significantly smaller. The fragrant and mostly threefold flowers with a double inflorescence are short stalked and underlaid with bracts . The three-part calyx is brownish and tomentose. The slightly larger, yellowish petals are tomentose on the outside. The female flowers staminodes and a top constant, zweikammeriger are ovary with very short pencil and a two to vierlappgen scar and a lobed discus present. The male flowers have six stamens and one pestle, as well as a reduced disc.

Egg-shaped to ellipsoidal, about 4.5 to 12 centimeters long and 2.5 to 6 centimeters wide, violet, purple or pink to bluish, also mixed with reddish or white, to blackish and solitary stone fruits are formed. The exocarp is thin, firm, smooth, and waxy. The reddish-white to yellow-greenish, fibrous and oily-fatty flesh is soft, the elongated and brownish, leathery, smooth stone core, with a relatively thin seed coat , is about 3.7 to 10.7 centimeters long, it contains thick and wrinkled ones , lobed cotyledons . The young fruits are reddish.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40 or 42.

Taxonomy

The first description takes place in 1832 under the basionym Pachylobus edulis by George Don junior in A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants 2: 89. The new combination to Dacryodes edulis takes place in 1932 by Herman Johannes Lam in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 42: 202.

Further synonyms are Canarium edule (G.Don) Hook.f. , Canarium mansfeldianum Engl. , Canarium mubafo Ficalho , canarium saphu Engl. , Dacryodes edulis var. Parvicarpa Okafor , Pachylobus edulis G.Don , Pachylobus saphu (Engl.) Engl. , Pachylobus edulis var. Mubafo (Ficalho) Engl. , Pachylobus edulis var. preussii Engl. , Pachylobus edulis var. sylvestris A. Chev. , Pachylobus albiflorus Guillaumin and Soreindeia deliciosa A. Chev. ex.Hutch. & Dalz.

use

The fruits are eaten raw or cooked.

The bark , leaves and resin are used medicinally.

The moderately heavy and elastic wood is mostly used as firewood, but it can also be used for carpentry and for tool handles.

literature

J. Kengue: Fruits for the Future 3 - Safou (Dacryodes edulis). ICUC, University of Southampton, 2002, ISBN 0-85432-764-9 .
J. Bourdeaut: Le safoutier ou Pachylobus edulis (G. DON). In: Fruits. Vol. 26, No. 10, 1971, pp. 663-666, online (PDF), at Agritrop: Archive ouverte du Cirad, accessed on November 12, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Dacryodes edulis / Pachylobus edulis - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Dacryodes edulis from Useful Tropical Plants, accessed November 11, 2018.
Dacryodes edulis from PROTA, accessed on November 11, 2018.
Dacryodes edulis . In: U. Brunken, M. Schmidt, S. Dressler, T. Janssen, A. Thiombiano, G. Zizka: West African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main 2008.
The Safou: Dacroydes edulis on flora-obscura.de, accessed on September 15, 2019.

Individual evidence

↑ W. Blaschek, R. Hansel u. a .: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Volume 2: Drugs A – K , Springer, 1998, ISBN 3-540-52688-9 , p. 272.
↑ Jean Michel Onana: A synoptic revision of Dacryodes (Burseraceae) in Africa, with a new species from Central Africa. In: Kew Bulletin. 63 (3), 2008, pp. 385-400, doi: 10.1007 / s12225-008-9064-4 , online at researchgate.net, accessed on November 12, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c O. E. Matig, O. Ndoye u. a .: Les fruitiers forestiers comestibles du Cameroun. IPGRI, 2006, ISBN 92-9043-707-3 , pp. 62 f.

[1] W. Blaschek, R. Hansel u. a .: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Volume 2: Drugs A – K , Springer, 1998, ISBN 3-540-52688-9 , p. 272.

[2] Jean Michel Onana: A synoptic revision of Dacryodes (Burseraceae) in Africa, with a new species from Central Africa. In: Kew Bulletin. 63 (3), 2008, pp. 385-400, doi: 10.1007 / s12225-008-9064-4 , online at researchgate.net, accessed on November 12, 2018.

[Mat-3] O. E. Matig, O. Ndoye u. a .: Les fruitiers forestiers comestibles du Cameroun. IPGRI, 2006, ISBN 92-9043-707-3 , pp. 62 f.