Danielsberg
| Danielsberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Danielsberg seen from Kolbnitz |
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| height | 966 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Carinthia , Austria | |
| Mountains | Reisseckgruppe | |
| Dominance | 0.8 km → Kampleck | |
| Notch height | 150 m | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 53 '18 " N , 13 ° 16' 58" E | |
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| rock | Mica schist , paragneiss | |
The Danielsberg is a 966 meter high conical elevation, settled since the Stone Age, a little west of Kolbnitz in the Carinthian Mölltal , Austria with a Romanesque-Gothic, later Baroque-style Catholic church. Its relative height above the Mölltal is around 350 meters.
history
Indications of Stone Age, Bronze Age, Celtic and Roman settlement were found on Danielsberg. The Celts and Romans established several places of worship, probably at a water source at the summit area, which was dredged into a pond in 1908, with numerous traces being destroyed. In 1127 construction began on the church, which is the most important building today.
Stone Age
In 1934 hikers found a hatchet, in 1989 Hannsjörg Ubl from the Vienna Federal Monuments Office discovered a bowl stone . Six bowls with a depth between 1.5 and 3 cm and a diameter between 4 and 7 cm are carved into the roughly five by five meter large rock.
When concrete slabs on the church floor were replaced with terracotta bricks in 1990, they found a 1.5 m deep crevice filled with earth. Franz Glaser from the Provincial Museum of Carinthia led the archaeological investigation and found two flat axes made of serpentine, a piece of a perforated stone hammer, several pieces of blade made of flint and fragments of ceramic.
The age of the tools and the shell stone is estimated to be around 6000 years.
Bronze Age
In 1882 a bronze edging ax was found.
Celts
Assumptions suggest that the Danielsberg from approx. 4000 BC. Was used as a base for mining and mountain trade and this from around 300 BC. Celts who immigrated to Carinthia were continued. In the left side altar there is a stone slab from Celtic times with the grave inscription:
C (aio) RHESIO
DEXTRO Q (uaestori)
REDSOMARUS
BRITO (MARUS?) ET LITUG E
[NA P (atri) V (ivo) F (ecerunt)]
The quaestor Caius Rhesius Dexter, her father, had Redsomarus, Brito (marus?) And Litugena (the tomb) built during his lifetime. The fourth line of the record is difficult to read, the fifth completely destroyed.
Romans
The Roman temple on Danielsberg was the only known one in the area up to 60 km north and west of Teurnia . It was probably a temple with a central room and a roofed exit, which was built around 45 AD and is dedicated to Hercules . The temple was renewed at 175, a time when there were already Christians on Danielsberg. From this time a stone slab with a building inscription has been preserved, which is now embedded in the outer wall of the church:
HERCUL (i) INVICTO
SACRUM C (aius) DONNI /
CIUS RUFINUS ET
VALERIA ATTICA
CUM SUIS TEMPLUM
VETUSTATE CON /
LABSUM RESTI /
TUERUNT EX VOTO
Dedicated to the undefeated Hercules. Caius Donnicius Rufinus and Valeria Attica and their relatives had the temple, which had decayed due to its age, restored. Because of a vow.
The Roman settlement on Danielsberg was called "Colomunitio", consisting of "Colo" (hill) and "munitio" (secured, reinforced, fortified). The name became Cholomunze (1124) and finally Kolbnitz (Dr. Otto Kronsteiner, Institute for Slavic Studies, Salzburg).
On the right side altar of the church a marble block is walled in, on whose relief two Roman soldiers can be seen.
Christians on Danielsberg
Around the year 313 the first Christian chapel consecrated to Saint Daniel was probably built, which probably emerged from an older wayside shrine . It is fairly certain that there were Christians on Danielsberg by 100 AD at the latest .
The cult activities of the Romans and Christians ended with the immigration of the Slavs around 600. From 773 a count of the Bavarians ruled, and Bishop Modestus of Carinthia , who had previously been sent by Bishop Virgilius of Salzburg , named the mountain after the found chapel Danielsberg, who from then on it became a starting point for a wide region.
The church on the mountain top was built in 1127 and then changed several times.
First documentary mention
From 1252 the Counts of Gorizia carried out conquests in Carinthia. When peace came with Salzburg in 1292, a damage report was drawn up. This is the oldest document in which the Danielsberg is mentioned. The corresponding passage reads:
"Item comes Al intromisit se de quibusdam novalibus ecclesie Salzburgensis circa montem sancti Danielis. Item… Item intromisit se de hominibus, prediis, prossessionibus et decimis sitis a monte sancti Danielis usque ad Chirchaim. Et in officio Stalle, ubi uidices sui iudicant et etiam steuras inposuerunt non modicas inpreiudicium ecclesie Salzburgensis. "
"Likewise, Count Albert interfered in a devastating manner with a certain, reorganized land of the Salzburg Church, around the mountain of St. Daniel .... He also interfered with people, fiefs and possessions, as well as the church tithe, regarding that Area from the mountain of St. Daniel to Kirchheim. This is also the case in the administrative office of the stall , where its legal representatives speak the law and even impose taxes, which are not customary in this form in the regulations of the Salzburg Church. "
Present and Tourism
After the railway through the Hohe Tauern was built, the engineer Ferdinant Kaltenegger von Riedhorst stayed in the Mölltal. First he gave the Unterfalkenstein ruins their current appearance, then he bought the summit area of the Danielsberg and built the Herkuleshof as a hunting lodge, which a short time later became an inn and hotel that still exists today. There was already a mud bath at the water source before 1908.
The Danielsberg was declared a landscape protection area in 1964. A road was built in 1962, which was paved in 1973.
The church
The first church (under the patronage of St. George ) was built in 1127. It was the first church to be built on the mountain top. It burned down once in the next three centuries and a second time in 1510.
photos
The interior of the church facing forward
The interior of the church facing the rear
Colored ink drawing around 1800
View from Danielsberg to Kolbnitz and Mühldorf.
View from the Mölltal near Semslach to the Danielsberg.
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literature
- Josef "Sepp" Messner: Danielsberg in Mölltal, Carinthia, a declaration of love. The Friends of Danielsberg, Kolbnitz 1992.
