Dargin language

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Dargin

Spoken in

Dagestan ( Russian Federation ), also in Azerbaijan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Turkey , Turkmenistan
speaker approx. 370,000
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Recognized minority /
regional language in 		Dagestani flag Dagestan
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

represent

ISO 639-3

represent

Dargin (or Dargwa , own name дарган мез dargan mez ) is a language spoken by around 370,000 people. The speakers, the Dargins (or Dargins ), live mainly in the autonomous Republic of Dagestan in the Russian Federation , with small minorities also in Azerbaijan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Turkey and Turkmenistan .

Dargin belongs to the Lakisch-Dargin subgroup within the language group of the Dagestani languages , which in turn belong to the (Northeast Caucasian) post-Dagestani language family. The closest related is Lakish .

Linguistic situation

Main distribution area of ​​Dargin (No. 1) in the vicinity of the Northeast Caucasian language family

Dargin is the second most common language in Dagestan and is well established in everyday life. It is the school language and there are also newspapers, books and radio programs in this language. However, it is broken down into a number of dialects that are difficult to understand and which some researchers even divide into four groups with eleven independent languages ​​(including, for example, Cubachin); the written language is based on the Akuschin dialect, spoken around the village of Akuscha .

Linguistic characteristics

The Dargin written language has 5 vowels (i, e, ə, a, u) and 37 consonants, including ejectives , uvulars and pharyngals .

It has 3 nominal classes , is an ergative language and has 20 locatives .

The verb denotes tense , aspect , mode , nominal classes and person . In addition, the verbs can be specified using pre- verbs .

font

First, Dargin was written in Arabic script (as early as the 16th century ), then in 1928 the change to the Latin-based unified alphabet followed . In 1938 the Cyrillic script was introduced, which is still valid today. The consonants of Dargin are partly reproduced with the help of digraphs , whereby the auxiliary letter I is also used.

Text sample

ФиргIяванла анцIбукь иш тяхIярлике бехIбихьибил саби. Мисрилизе ца адам ууле сай сунесра МусгIаб букIуй. Их адам сунела халкьла кьяле дихIян ууле сай. Ихила ГIямаликьатуне букIуй Тамуа дерхIнезекан рубил хIунулра рууле сари. Ихдила акIубил агар ууле сай. Ихъэ левле, ца бари ца кьяйни къача бухъахъулре, сай пашмаа пикрилизе икиле кайилре икиле кайилре, гемру кайилре, гемру. [...]

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the Dagestan Constitution, "Russian and the Languages ​​of the Peoples of Dagestan" are official languages. See also Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use : Respublika Dagestan. Land of Mountains: Mountain of Languages , 2004 (PDF; 307 kB), p. 5.
  2. ↑ fatiha.ru: ФИРГIЯВАНЛА ХАБАР ( Memento from January 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

literature

  • ZG Abdullaev: Darginskij jazyk . In: Jazyki narodov SSSR . Vol. 4. Moscow 1967. (in Russian)
  • ZG Abdullaev: Darginskij jazyk (3 vols.). Moscow 1993. (in Russian)
  • Karl Bouda: The Darginian written language ( contributions to the Caucasian and Siberian linguistics . Vol. 4). Leipzig 1937.
  • Helma van den Berg: Dargi folktales. Oral stories from the Caucasus. With an introduction to Dargi Grammar. Leiden 2001.
  • Daniel, Misha, Nina Dobrushina & Dmitry Ganenkov. 2019. The Mehweb language: Essays on phonology, morphology and syntax. Berlin: Language Science Press. Open Access. http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/225 978-3-96110-208-2 10.5281 / zenodo.3374730

Web links

Test Wikipedia in Dargin
Wiktionary: Dargin  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
The Dargin alphabet
Other links