Military alliance
A military alliance (formerly Mutual Assistance Pact ) is a between different States closed alliance with the purpose of the military to cooperate . If it includes an intervention in favor of the partner attacked by another state, but does not become an obligation in offensive acts of war, it is also called a defense alliance, colloquially and for propaganda purposes also a brotherhood in arms (also outdated protection and defensive alliance ).
The largest military alliance on earth is NATO ( North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty). Its headquarters are in Brussels , the military headquarters are SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe) in Belgium and ACT (Allied Command Transformation) in Norfolk , Virginia, USA.
Existing military alliances
- NATO in North America and Europe (since 1949)
- European Union (standby clause in the common security and defense policy since the Treaty of Lisbon 2009)
- CSTO in Europe and Asia (since 2002), security partnership of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), see also: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
- GUAM alliance between Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova
- ANZUS pact between Australia, New Zealand and the USA (suspended since 1951, New Zealand since 1986)
- Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty between China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (since 1961)
- ANZUK Pact between Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Malaysia and Singapore (since 1971)
- Inter-American Defense Pact (Rio Pact) (since 1947)
- Arab League (since 1945), a collective defense pact was concluded in an additional agreement in 1950, but has no effect to this day
- Gulf Cooperation Council with Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman
- Treaty of Aachen , supplement to the Élysée Treaty (Article 4)
Earlier military alliances after World War II
- Warsaw Pact between the Soviet Union and the states of Eastern Europe (1955–1991)
- VKS, Treaty on Collective Security in Europe and Asia of the Commonwealth of Independent States (1992–2002)
- Brussels Pact (1948–1954)
- Western European Union (1954-2010)
- SEATO in Southeast Asia (1954–1977)
- CENTO in the Middle East (1955–1979)
- Balkan Pact (1954–1974)
- Central American Defense Council (CONDECA), Central American Defense Council
Historical military alliances
- Anti-Hitler coalition
- Peloponnesian League
- Attic League
- Auld Alliance
- Holy League (1495, 1511, 1538, 1571, 1576, 1684)
- Catholic League (1538, 1576, 1584, 1609)
- Protestant Union
- Schmalkaldic League
- Holy alliance
- Rhine Confederation
- Three Emperor's Agreement
- Dual / Triple Alliance
- Dual association
- Entente cordiale / Triple Entente
- Central Powers
- various quadruple alliances
- Balkan ducks
- Balkan Federation
- North German Confederation (from July 1, 1867: federal state)
- Protection and defiance alliance 1854
- Protective and defensive alliances 1866
See also
- List of states without military
- Permanent neutrality (neutral states)
literature
- Friedrich Ruge : Alliances Past and Present. With special consideration of the UN, NATO, EEC and Warsaw Pact . Bernard & Graefe, Frankfurt am Main 1971, ISBN 3-7637-5105-X .
- Katja Frehland-Wildeboer: Loyal friends? The Alliance in Europe, 1714-1914 (= Studies on International History , Volume 25). Oldenbourg, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-486-59652-6 , p. 30f. (Revised dissertation University of Heidelberg 2007, 478 pages).