Gram

This article deals with the SI unit of gram for mass; for further meanings see grams (disambiguation) .

Physical unit
Unit name	Gram
Unit symbol	${\displaystyle \mathrm {g} }$
Physical quantity (s)	Dimensions
Formula symbol	${\displaystyle m}$
dimension	${\displaystyle {\mathsf {M}}}$
system	International system of units , CGS system of units
In SI units	${\displaystyle \mathrm {1\,g=1\cdot 10^{-3}\;kg} }$
In CGS units	Base unit
Named after	ancient Greek γράμμα gramma = "letter"
Derived from	kilogram
See also: ton

A gram is a physical unit of measurement for mass , the unit symbol is g . One gram is one-thousandth of a kilogram (kg), the official SI - base unit for mass. In this way, as 0.001 kilograms, the gram is defined in national unit laws and standards.

Origin of name

The name comes from the Latin gramma ( ancient Greek γράμμα ), the name for a small weight (1/24 ounce , according to the scruple , about 1.25 g).

Usual mass units

Using prefixes for units of measure one can write:

10 ⁻¹² Mt = 10 ⁻¹² Tg = 10 ⁻⁹ kt = 10 ⁻⁶ t = 10 ⁻³ kg = 1 g = 10 ³ mg = 10 ⁶ μg = 10 ⁹ ng = 10 ¹² pg

Written out:

• 1 gigatonne (Gt) = 1 trillion kilograms = 1 quadrillion gram = 1 petagram ( Pg ) = 10 ¹⁵ g
• 1 megatonne (Mt) = 1 billion kilograms = 1 trillion grams = 1 teragram ( Tg ) = 10 ¹² g
• 1 kiloton (kt) = 1 million kilograms = 1 billion grams = 1 gigagram ( Gg ) = 10 ⁹ g
• 1 ton (t) = 1000 kilograms = 1 million grams = 1 megagram (Mg) = 10 ⁶ g
• 1 kilogram = 1000 grams = 10 ³ g
• 1 milligram ( mg ) = 1 thousandth of a gram = 10 ⁻³ g
• 1 microgram ( μg ) = 1 millionth of a gram = 10 ⁻⁶ g
• 1 nanogram ( ng ) = 1 billionth of a gram = 10 ⁻⁹ g
• 1 picogram ( pg ) = 1 trillionth of a gram = 10 ⁻¹² g

Common units in the English-speaking area:

1 pound = 16 ounces = 453.59238 g

or

2.2046 pounds = 1000 grams

The atomic mass unit (also referred to as Dalton , Da) is used especially in chemistry and atomic physics . It is derived from the mass of a proton , but defined slightly differently. ${\displaystyle 1\,\mathrm {u} =1{,}660\,538\,921(73)\cdot 10^{-24}\,\mathrm {g} }$

definition

The kilogram and thus the gram are determined by the fact that Planck's quantum of action h is assigned a fixed value.

A first definition of gram and kilogram comes from the time of revolutionary France and refers to water that is to be measured in metric units of volume (one liter for the kilogram). To put it precisely: one gram of distilled water at a temperature of 3.98 ° C and an air pressure of 101.325 kPa takes up the volume of one cubic centimeter or one milliliter . In 1889 , the thousandth part of the original kilogram , which is kept in Paris , was determined as one gram. This definition was valid until the revision of the International System of Units in 2019.

In deviation from the other rules in the SI, decimal parts and multiples of mass units are not formed from the SI base unit kilogram, but by deriving from the gram. For powers of ten greater than kg, the use of the non-SI unit ton (1 t = 1000 kg = 1 Mg) is permissible and customary, which in turn can be provided with prefixes such as kiloton (kt) or megaton (Mt).

In business life

Decagram

Mass information on price tags on the Vienna Naschmarkt in dag (decagram)

The decagram has the SI -conform unit symbol "dag". In Austria, the decagram (= 10 grams ) was introduced by the law of July 5, 1950 as a legal measure for the mass with the symbol "dkg" before the SI was created, whereby "Deka" was incorrectly abbreviated to "dk". In 1973 the sign was changed to "dag" according to the rules in the SI. The original sign remained temporarily admissible until December 31, 1977. In Austria (and also in the other successor states of Austria-Hungary ), the unit of measurement decagram is often used, especially when shopping for groceries and in recipes, and is often shortened to “deca” in colloquial terms. In a way, it continues the metric plumb line .

Hectogram

In Italy the hectogram ( ettogrammo, colloquially to etto, plural etti shortened, = 100 grams) is a common unit of measurement when shopping for groceries.

Decigram and centigram

In the past, pharmacists also used weights in decigrams (1 dg = 0.1 gram) and centigrams (1 cg = 0.01 gram), although it was advisable to use these names in medical prescriptions (as well as milligrams) as early as the late 19th century ) and express the mass as a decimal number in grams.

See also

• Order of magnitude (mass)

Web links

Wiktionary: Gram  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (ed.): SI Brochure . 8th edition. 2014, 3.2 ( bipm.org [accessed January 13, 2017]).
2. ^ NIST Special Publication 811
3. ^ PTB (Ed.): The legal units in Germany . June 2012 ( ptb.de [PDF; accessed on January 13, 2017]). The legal units in Germany ( Memento from October 10, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
4. ^ Georges: Latin-German concise dictionary. Lemma: gramma .
5. ↑ H. Böttger: The pharmacies - legislation of the German Empire and the individual states on the basis of general political, commercial and industrial legislation presented. Volume I: Reich Legislation . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-94326-3 , p. 208. (Reprint of the 1st edition from 1880)