German boxer
| German boxer | ||
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| FCI Standard No. 144 | ||
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| Origin : |
Germany |
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| Withers height: | ||
| Weight: |
Males: over 30 kg (at about 60 cm at the withers) |
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| Varieties : |
Variants not conforming to FCI :
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| List of domestic dogs | ||
The Boxer or German Boxer is a German dog breed recognized by the FCI ( FCI Group 2, Section 2.1, Standard No. 144 ).
Origin and history
In the Middle Ages to European courts regionally varying mastiff -Schläge for hunting dangerous game, such as bears and wild boars bred.
The Brabant Bullenbeisser is considered to be the direct ancestor of the German boxer. The Bullenbeisser, which had become unemployed and unpopular through the advent of firearms , were standardized by crossing in the related and well-bred Bulldog and were given the name "German Boxer" based on the Munich term "beer boxer". In 1895, the Boxer Club was founded in Germany. V. based in Munich. In 1904 he established the first standard ; Even today, the standard is set by this club and then adopted by the FCI. The German Boxer has been recognized as a service dog breed since 1924 . Friederun Stockmann laid the foundation for today's boxer breed with Lustig vom Dom , who came from her breed.
Boxer clubs have been founded around the world. The first was the Boxer Club e. V. Headquarters Munich (BK), which was founded in 1895. The Swiss Boxer Club (SBC; founded in 1906) is based in Switzerland, and the Austrian Boxer Club (ÖBK; founded in 1921) in Austria. The international boxing federation is the Atibox (Association Technique Internationale du Boxer), in which the national boxing federations are members. In addition to these "official" clubs with their regional and local groups, there are other clubs in many countries that are also committed to the German Boxer, such as the International Boxer Club (IBC) based in Hamburg (founded in 1951).
The national and local groups of the clubs organize regular breed shows and performance tests . There are also national championships and world championships in both breeding and performance.
description
The boxer is a sturdy dog of stocky build with a smooth, short, close-fitting coat and strong bones. His body is square (the height at the withers corresponds to the length of his body), his muscles are well developed; it emerges vividly. Its appearance is massive or wiry, depending on the constitution.
Ears and tail are left natural, docking is now prohibited in almost all of Europe. The tail is set high rather than low. The ears are of appropriate size and set on the sides at the highest point of the head, and close to the head and reach the cheek. The eyes are dark, the edges of the eyelids colored. Overall, the skull is slim and angular, but the muzzle is broad. A typical characteristic of the boxer is the so-called undershot : the lower jaw protrudes over the upper jaw. The lips must be on top of each other; the fangs of the lower jaw form the support of the bulging upper lip.
The neck, like the head, is dry and strong, round and muscular. The back and hindquarters are well muscled, the shoulders not too strong. Seen from the front, the forelegs should be parallel to each other; the hind legs are straight. The lower chest line, which runs elegantly towards the back, begins at the level of the elbow and ends in short, taut, slightly tucked flanks.
The skin is dry, elastic and without wrinkles, the coat is short, hard, shiny and close-fitting. The basic color is yellow. There are color gradations from light yellow to dark deer red. In brindle boxers, the dark or black flow (stripes) must be distinguishable from the basic color. It must run in the direction of the ribs. White markings are allowed up to a third of the body surface. The black mask , which should not extend beyond the muzzle, is also typical .
Essence
The boxer is described as a balanced, calm and self-confident dog.
use
The boxer is rarely used as a service dog . Today he is mostly to be found as a family, watchdog , companion or sports dog, in tracking , rescue dog work and other activities.
Diseases
Boxers are prone to some illnesses which are considered in reputable breeding programs. In addition to the examination for hip dysplasia (HD), which is established in most dog breeds, this includes the exclusion of congenital heart diseases and arthrosis in the spinal column (spondyloarthosis). In addition, they have an increased risk of developing tumor diseases, especially mast cell tumors , and meningitis arteritis . Also OCD , a multifactorial disease of the joints with probably genetic predisposition , occurs when boxers frequently. They are also thought to be prone to developing gingival hyperplasia .
Brachycephaly is common in boxers . It is a result of targeted breeding with a short skull, nose and lower jaw. The result can manifest itself in breathing difficulties, specifically as brachycephalic dyspnoea syndrome (BAS). Such breeds are to be viewed critically as possible torture breeding against the background of animal welfare law .
In order to better understand genetic diseases in dogs, the complete genome of a boxer (limited to the genes ) was sequenced and mapped (gene map) at the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oliver Krone: Osteochondrosis dissecans in dogs: representation of defects in the shoulder, elbow, knee and ankle joint as well as on the sacrum using computer tomography . Hanover 2002, p. 16 . (Diss.)
- ↑ Barbara Kohn, Günter Schwarz, Peter F. Suter: Internship at the Dog Clinic , Georg Thieme Verlag, 2011 ISBN 978-3-8304-1193-2 p. 468 (eBook)
- ↑ Small Animal University Clinic Leipzig: Brachycephaly ( Memento of the original from July 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Dissertation on BAS
- ↑ Small Animal University Clinic Leipzig Small Animal University Clinic Leipzig: Qualzucht ( Memento of the original from July 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mapping of the Boxer genome (English) ( Memento of the original from May 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
