Chinese carnation
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Illustration of the Chinese carnation ( Dianthus chinensis ) |
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| Dianthus chinensis | ||||||||||||
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The Chinese carnation ( Dianthus chinensis ), Chinese 石竹 , Pinyin shi zhu , is a plant from the genus of carnations ( Dianthus ). It is native to northern China , Korea , Mongolia and southeastern Russia . Garden forms ( Dianthus chinensis - hybrids ) are also under the name Emperor Elke , Heddewigsnelke or Chinesernelke known.
description
The Chinese carnation is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 50 cm, even up to 60 cm. Several branched stems form a loose eyrie. The opposite leaves are green to gray, slender, 3 to 5 cm long and 2 to 4 mm wide. The basal leaves are usually withered by the time they bloom, the leaves remain on the stem.
The flowering period extends from May to June, with cultivated plants also until September. The flowers are often grouped in pairs, varieties selected as ornamental plants produce up to 15 flowers in a zymous inflorescence. Below the flower are four bracts that reach halfway up the calyx ; they are eyelashed and pointed at the ends. The calyx forms a cylindrical tube 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, the crown reaches 3 to 4 cm in diameter and is serrated on the edge. The color of the petals ranges from white to pink to dark red, the center is often drawn darker. The capsule fruit is enclosed by the sepals. The black seeds are flattened and rounded.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
distribution
The Chinese carnation has a large distribution area in East Asia , which includes not only China, but also Korea and eastern Russia, to the northwest it is still found in Mongolia and Kazakhstan . The Flora of China is also one of the distribution areas in Europe. The locations include grasslands as well as light forests.
use
Dianthus chinensis is often grown in the garden as an ornamental plant. Numerous varieties have been selected both in China and elsewhere in the temperate zone . They are mostly treated as an annual or biennial plant .
The Flora of China mentions use for medicinal purposes.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Lu Dequan, Nicholas J. Turland: Dianthus . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 6 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, S. 104 ( eFloras.org - 1994+).
- ↑ a b c Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . tape 5 . Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 190 .
- ↑ Dianthus chinensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
