Dire Dawa

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dire Dawa
ድሬ ዳዋ
ET-Dire Dawa, Ethiopia (13) .JPG
City center
State : EthiopiaEthiopia Ethiopia
Region : Dire Dawa
Founded : 1902
Coordinates : 9 ° 36 '  N , 41 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 9 ° 36 '  N , 41 ° 52'  E
Height : 1,276 meters above sea level
 
Residents : 285,000 (2016)
Time zone : EAT (UTC + 3)
Telephone code : (+251) 25
 
Website :
Dire Dawa (Ethiopia)
Dire Dawa
Dire Dawa
Dire Dawa 1934. Photo by Walter Mittelholzer
railway station

Dire Dawa ( Amharic ድሬ ዳዋ Dire Dawa ; Oromo Dirre Dhawaa or Dirre Dawaa ; also Dire Daua , Diredaua ) is one of the larger cities (at times the second largest) in Ethiopia . It is located in the northeast of the country on the railway line from Addis Ababa to Djibouti City . Politically it has the status of an independent city .

history

The city was created in connection with the construction of the railway line from Addis Ababa to Djibouti City . The route was originally supposed to lead through the traditional city of Harar , located in the highlands . Dire Dawa, on the other hand, was to become a repair and inspection location. For this reason, engineers and skilled workers from France and Italy were settled here in 1897. Since the costs soared during the construction phase of the railway line, it was decided to go for the cheaper variant of a route at the foot of the mountains through the desert, and Dire Dawa was built as the administrative headquarters of the railway line. The city was partly grid-shaped, with rectangular blocks of houses, planned and founded in 1902. It is unique in this form in Ethiopia. The Dechatu River divides the city into the older southern and younger northern parts.

In 1938 around 20,000 people lived in Dire Dawa, of whom 3,500 were Europeans (3,000 Italians, 290 Greeks, 110 French). In 1965, according to official statistics, 23% of the men living in Dire Dawa and 26% of the women in the city were born. In 1967 there were 50,733 inhabitants, of which 50% had Amharic as their mother tongue, 51% were Christians and 46% were Muslims. 66.8% were illiterate. After the 1974 revolution, a number of Europeans, Yemeni Arabs and Indians left the city and the Greek and Armenian churches were closed for lack of members.

In the 1977/78 Ogaden War , the Ethiopian government was able to hold the city, but the railway line was damaged during the Somali invasion and was closed for a year. By 1987 the population had more than doubled to 107,150. 1987-1991 Dire Dawa was the capital of the Autonomous Region Dire Dawa , through whose establishment the economically important city should be shielded from secessionist aspirations of the Somali. On May 31, 1991, the EPRDF took Dire Dawa, allegedly killing around 100 people. On July 7th of the same year, after a large demonstration by the Oromo, riots against Issa- Somali broke out.

After the reorganization of the administrative structure of Ethiopia in 1991, with which ethnically defined regional states were created, the Somali wanted to make Dire Dawa their regional capital. However, they were instructed by the central government to choose another capital, as the Oromo region of Oromia also claimed this city. Later Dire Dawa became an independent city like the state capital Addis Ababa.

In 1994, 48% of the population were Oromo , 28% Amhari and 14% Somali . 63.2% were Muslim.

present

Politically, the city remains controversial between the neighboring regions of Somali and Oromia .

In the parliamentary elections in Ethiopia in 2005 , Dire Dawa's two seats in the national parliament went to the Somali People's Democratic Party (SPDP), which is linked to the ruling EPRDF coalition , and to the opposition alliance Qinijit . In the 2008 local elections, the SPDP won 74 seats (out of 189) in 16 (out of 63) Kebeles , while the EPRDF received 114 seats in 47 Kebeles.

The area around the cities of Dire Dawa, Harar and Jijiga forms, not least because of its relative proximity to the international ports of Djibouti and Berbera in Somaliland , the second most important economic conurbation in Ethiopia after the metropolitan area of ​​the capital Addis Ababa. Dire Dawa has an airport .

population

According to the 2007 census, of the 342,827 inhabitants, 46.08% (157,991) were Oromo, 24.24% (83,114) Somali, 20.09% (68,887) Amhars and 4.54% (15,554) Gurage . 70.9% of the population were Muslims, 25.65% Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. 32.5% lived in rural areas.

In 2005, 54.8% of the children in Dire Dawa (60.6% of the boys, 48.7% of the girls) went to primary school, 38.2% (45.4% of the boys, 31.4% of the girls) went to school Secondary school. This means that the city has the second highest school enrollment rates after Addis Ababa.

Population development

The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status.

year Residents
1984 98.104
1994 164,851
2007 233.224
2015 285,000

sons and daughters of the town

Climate table

Dire Dawa
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
25th
 
28
22nd
 
 
35
 
30th
23
 
 
65
 
32
25th
 
 
105
 
32
26th
 
 
45
 
34
27
 
 
25th
 
35
28
 
 
90
 
33
27
 
 
125
 
32
26th
 
 
65
 
33
26th
 
 
25th
 
32
25th
 
 
15th
 
29
23
 
 
10
 
28
22nd
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia; wetterkontor.de
Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Dire Dawa
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 28 30th 32 32 34 35 33 32 33 32 29 28 O 31.5
Min. Temperature (° C) 22nd 23 25th 26th 27 28 27 26th 26th 25th 23 22nd O 25th
Precipitation ( mm ) 25th 35 65 105 45 25th 90 125 65 25th 15th 10 Σ 630
Rainy days ( d ) 2 4th 7th 10 6th 5 11 14th 10 5 3 1 Σ 78
Humidity ( % ) 55 56 55 55 47 44 50 53 52 45 49 51 O 51
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
28
22nd
30th
23
32
25th
32
26th
34
27
35
28
33
27
32
26th
33
26th
32
25th
29
23
28
22nd
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		25th
35
65
105
45
25th
90
125
65
25th
15th
10
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia; wetterkontor.de

Web links

Commons : Dire Dawa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population Projection of Ethiopia from all Regions at Wereda Level for 2014-2017. (No longer available online.) Central Statistics Agency (Ethiopia), archived from the original on October 17, 2015 ; Retrieved August 25, 2016 (English, Amharic). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.csa.gov.et
  2. ^ Ioan M. Lewis: Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: Culture, History and Society , 2008, ISBN 978-1-85065-898-6 , p. 29
  3. ↑ Catherine Griefenow-Mewis, Tamene Bitima: Textbook of Oromo . 1994, ISBN 978-3-927620-05-6
  4. ↑ a b c d Local History in Ethiopia ( Memento from May 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 269 kB), The Nordic Africa Institute website
  5. ^ Edmond J. Keller: Revolutionary Ethiopia: From Empire to People's Republic . Indiana University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-253-20646-6 , pp. 242 f. Christopher Clapham: Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia . In: African Studies , 61, 1990, ISBN 978-0-521-39650-9 , pp. 252 f.
  6. ↑ Alex de Waal, Africa Watch: Evil Days. 30 Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia , 1991 (p. 352)
  7. ↑ Abdi Ismail Samatar: Ethiopian Federalism: Autonomy versus Control in the Somali Region , in: Third World Quarterly , Vol. 25/6, 2004 (p. 1138)
  8. ↑ Official election results for the House of Peoples' Representatives ( Memento of April 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 169 kB), electionsethiopia.org. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
  9. ^ The National Electoral Board of Ethiopia Official Result of the Local and By-Elections Held on April 13 and April 20, 2008 . ( Memento from May 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: Walta Information Center , May 2008
  10. ↑ Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results . ( Memento of March 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 4.7 MB) Central Statistical Agency , pp. 10, 19, 112, 106-108
  11. ^ Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey . Central Statistical Agency , 2005, p. 20
  12. ↑ Ethiopia: Regions & Cities - Population Statistics in Maps and Tables. Retrieved January 6, 2019 .
  13. ↑ National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia: Klimeinformationen Dire Dawa. World Meteorological Organization, accessed October 27, 2012 .