Dmitri Mikhailovich Zyganov

Dmitri Michailowitsch Zyganow ( Russian Дмитрий Михайлович Цыгано́в ; also Dimitrij Tsyganov and Dimitrij Mihajlovic Cyganov; * February 27th ^July / March 12th  1903 ^greg. In Saratow ; † March 25th 1992 in Moscow ) was a Soviet-Russian violin pedagogue and musician. He became known as a long-time violin professor at the Moscow Conservatory and first violinist of the Beethoven string quartet.

Life

Dmitri Mikhailovich Zyganov's father was a violinist. He received first violin and piano lessons from him. He attended the violin class Jaroslaw Jaroslawowitsch Gajeks (1881-1919) at the 1912 founded Conservatory in Saratow. In 1919 he joined the Red Army as a volunteer . He became concertmaster of the symphony orchestra of the Political Department of the Southeast Front , where he was first violinist in a string quartet and performed as a soloist. At the instigation of Alexander Tichonowitsch Grechaninov , he continued his studies at the Moscow Conservatory in 1920 . From 1920 to 1922 he studied violin there with Alexander Jakowlewitsch Mogilewski (1885–1953), taking composition lessons from Georgi Catoire . In 1922 he graduated with honors and was awarded the gold medal by the Conservatory.

In 1923 he founded with fellow students, the violinist Vasily Schirinski (1901-1965), whose brother, the cellist Sergei Schirinski (1903 to 1974) and the violist Vadim Borisovsky (1900-1972), the String Quartet of the Moscow Conservatory, the later in Renamed the Beethoven String Quartet . Until 1925 he was a member of the conductorless orchestra Persimfans . Here he often appeared as a soloist. He was the first violinist to perform a cycle of all ten violin sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven in the Soviet Union . Until 1977 he was the first violinist of the Beethoven String Quartet, with whom he undertook many concert tours at home and abroad and recorded many works on phonograms . With this ensemble he played the world premieres of all of Dmitri Shostakovich's string quartets . Together with this composer he also played the premieres of his piano trios and his piano quintets. Shostakovich dedicated the twelfth string quartet to his friend Zyganov for his sixty-fifth birthday. Zyganow has given concerts with many well-known musicians such as Felix Michailowitsch Blumenfeld , Emil Gilels , Alexander Borissowitsch Goldenweiser , Konstantin Nikolajewitsch Igumnow , Nikolai Medtner , Sergei Prokofjew , Heinrich Neuhaus , Lev Nikolajewitsch Oborin , Samuil Jewgenjewitsch Feinberg , Swjina Judiaminovna , Marija Judiav Richter .

From 1930 he taught at the Moscow Conservatory, where he became a professor in 1935. From 1956 to 1981 he headed the violin chair at the Moscow Conservatory. He was a juror at various international violin competitions. He did not give up teaching at the conservatory until 1985. After his death in March 1992, he was buried in the Wagankowoer cemetery. His students included Zorya Schichimursajewa (1933–2010), Yurij KOrchinkiy (Юрий Корчинский, 1953–2011) and Vladimir Malinin.

Awards

Dmitri Michailowitsch Zyganow was awarded the title Заслуженный деятель искусств СССР [Honored Artist of the USSR] and in 1979 the title People's Artist of the USSR . He was the recipient of the State Prize of the USSR . In 1946 he was awarded the Stalin Prize. In 1946 on the 80th and 1966 on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Moscow Conservatory, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor .

Works (selection)

Dmitri Michailowitsch Zyganow created transcriptions of works by Johann Sebastian Bach , Antonio Vivaldi , Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , Igor Stravinsky's and Rodion Konstantinowitsch Schtschedrindrin . He also arranged nineteen preludes for piano by Dmitri Shostakovich and composed cadences for many violin concertos.

The Russian State Library owns the following works of Zyganov:

Arrangements and arrangements for violin and piano (Обработки и переложения для скрипки и фортепиано)

• No. 6: Toccata by Girolamo Frescobaldi , Musgis, 1937
• No. 7: Violin solo ( Entracte ) from the ballet Sleeping Beauty by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Musurg, 1938
• No. 8: The second violin solo from the ballet Swan Lake by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Musgis, 1940
• No. 9: Пробуждение [Awakening] by Gabriel Fauré , Musgis, 1937
• No. 10: Golliwogg's cake-walk from Children's Corner by Claude Debussy , Musgis, 1937
• No. 11: Intermezzo from the opera Goyescas by Enrique Granados , Musgis, 1937
• No. 12: Four preludes from op.34 by Dmitri Schostakowitsch, Musgis, 1937

A series of arrangements for violin and piano (Серия обработок для скрипки с фортепиано)

• No. 1: Concerto in D minor Vivaldi / Bach, Musgis, 1936
• No. 2: Adagio from the organ toccata in C major by Johann Sebastian Bach, Musgis, 1936
• No. 3: Lullaby op.16 No. 1 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Musgis, 1936
• No. 4: Waltz in F sharp minor op.40 No. 9 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Musgis, 1936

Selected violin cadences (Избранные скрипичные каденции)

Composed and edited by Dmitri Michailowitsch Zyganow, Musyka, 1979

The output includes cadenzas to violin concertos of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , for the first and second violin concerto Niccolo Paganini , the violin concerto by Ludwig van Beethoven and the Violin Concerto by Johannes Brahms . The cadences come from Zyganow, but also from Eugène Ysaÿe , Fritz Kreisler , David Oistrach , Joseph Joachim , Jascha Heifetz , George Enescu , F. Krestel, August Wilhelmj , Émile Sauret and Abram Iljitsch Jampolski .

Violin cadences (Скрипичные каденции)

For concerts and sonatas by Arcangelo Corelli, Giuseppe Tartini and Giovanni Battista Viotti, edited by Dmitri Zyganow, Musgis, 1951

Works by Dmitri Shostakovich

• Three cycles with preludes for piano op.36, arranged by for violin and piano by Dmitri Zyganow, Musyka, 1969
  • I Five Preludes for Piano. 36 Nos. 1, 3, 8, 11 and 5,
  • II Ten Preludes for Piano. 36 Nos. 2, 6, 12, 13, 17–22,
  • III Four Preludes for Piano. 36 Nos. 10, 15, 16, 24

• Recitative and Romance. From the string quartet No. 2 Op. 68, transcribed for violin and piano by Dmitri Zyganow, Sow. Compositor (Сов. Композитор), 1981
• Andantino. From the string quartet No. 4 Op. 83, transcribed for violin and piano by Dmitri Zyganow, Musyka, 1964

literature

• ЦЫГАНОВ Дмитрий Михайлович . In: Музыкальная энциклопедия, [Musical Encyclopedia], 1973–1982 (Russian)
• ЦЫГАНОВ Дмитрий Михайлович . In: Большой Энциклопедический словарь. [Large Encyclopedic Dictionary], 2000 (Russian)
• ЦЫГАНОВ Дмитрий Михайлович . In: Энциклопедия "Отечество" [ encyclopedia "Fatherland" ] (Russian)

Web links

• Dmitri Michailowitsch Zyganow at Discogs (English)

• Beethoven quartet unofficial page Unofficial homepage of the Beethoven string quartet with many picture documents
• Dmitri Zyganow at moscow-tombs.ru with a picture of the grave and a short biography

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} ЦЫГАНОВ Дмитрий Михайлович . In: Музыкальная энциклопедия . 1982 (Russian, musenc.ru ).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Aljona Kaz; Pawel Kaz: Московские могилы. Цыганов Д.М. In: http://www.moscow-tombs.ru . Aljona Kaz; Pawel Kaz, accessed January 29, 2018 (Russian). 
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Цыганов Дмитрий Михайлович. In: http://www.mosconsv.ru . Moscow Conservatory, accessed January 29, 2018 (Russian). 
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Цыганов Дмитрий Михайлович - Биография. In: http://pomnipro.ru . Retrieved January 29, 2018 (Russian). 
5. ↑ ^{a b} Jascha Nemtsov: The new Jewish school in music . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-447-05034-0 ( google.de [accessed on January 28, 2018]).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Wendy Lesser: Music for Silenced Voices: Shostakovich and His Fifteen Quartets . Yale University Press, 2011, ISBN 0-300-17178-1 ( google.de [accessed January 29, 2018]).
7. ↑ Beethoven Quartet | Biography & History | AllMusic. Retrieved January 29, 2018 . 
8. ↑ ^{a b} Vladimir Svetlov: ЦЫГАНОВ ДМИТРИЙ МИХАЙЛОВИЧ (1903-1992). In: http://narnecropol.narod.ru/ . Vladimir Swetlov, accessed January 29, 2018 (in Russian).