Dogado

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Landmark of the Dogado in Gambarare

Dogado is a name for the former domain of the Doge of the Republic of Venice , but also for his term of office. It corresponds to the Italian word Ducato ( duchy ) and the narrower territory of Venice around the lagoon . The Dogado was also the part of the national territory of Venice that Byzantium had already allowed itself to do during the time of Charlemagne and was thus also part of the Byzantine Empire. This contrasts the area with the later Terraferma , which was only conquered by Venice in the 14th and 15th centuries and was legally a fiefdom of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire .

Venice's possessions included the Dogado, the Stato da Mar ( Maritime State , Venetian Colonies ) and the Terraferma (also called Stato da Terra ) on the mainland .

The area included the city of Venice and the narrow coastal strip , which initially stretched from Grado to Loreo , but was later extended to Goro in the south, Polesine and Padua in the southwest and the Isonzo estuary in the east. The Dogado was equipped with numerous fortresses and fortified places, which had the task of protecting Venice from invasions and at the same time collecting tariffs and protecting and monitoring trade.

Apart from the capital Venice, the administration of the Dogado was divided into nine districts. It was clockwise from the north: Grado, Caorle , Torcello , Murano , Malamocco , Chioggia , Loreo , Cavarzere and Gambarare . The latter is now a fraction of the place Mira . Each district was subordinate to a Podestà .

The noble families of Venice already owned extensive estates in the Dogado in the early Middle Ages, as did the monasteries. The dogado therefore provided considerable amounts of food. In 1648, 71,966 star (around 65 kg) wheat were harvested in the Polesine , another 15,458 star barley and rye . Of these over 87,000 star grains, 20,000 were shipped to Venice alone.

Conflicts arose with Venice's neighbors about monopolizing trade, stacking , securing routes and protecting the rights of Venetian traders, as well as defending against competitors, but also when rivers were diverted. When Padua changed the course of the Brenta , war broke out in 1142. In 1303, Venice built a dam on the lower course of the river, which served to secure the river as the only trade access to the upper Adriatic. Venice wanted to monopolize trade with northern Italy, which led Padua and Bologna to several wars. In 1339 the Brenta was diverted towards Chioggia.

literature

  • Fabio Mutinelli: Lessico Veneto (Collana di bibliografia e storia veneziana; Vol. 11). Forni, Bologna 1978 (reprint of the Venice edition 1852).

Remarks

  1. ↑ Daniele Beltrami: La penetrazione economica dei veneziani in Terra-ferma. Forze di lavoro e proprietà fondiaria nelle campagne venete dei secoli XVII e XVIII (Civiltà Veneziana; vol. 12). Venice / Rome 1961, p. 63.
  2. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Hübner: The Venice lagoon .