Doraemon
| Doraemon | |
|---|---|
| Original title | ド ラ え も ん |
| transcription | Doraemon |
| genre | Comedy , Science Fiction Kodomo |
| Manga | |
| country |
 Japan
|
| author | Fujiko Fujio |
| publishing company | Shogakukan |
| magazine | CoroCoro Comic |
| First publication | December 1969 - June 1996 |
| expenditure | 45 |
| Anime television series | |
| Country of production |
Japan
|
| original language | Japanese |
| year | 1973 |
| Episodes | 26th |
| idea | Fujiko Fujio |
| First broadcast | April 1 - September 30, 1973 on Nippon TV |
| Anime television series | |
| Country of production |
Japan
|
| original language | Japanese |
| Year (s) | 1979-2005 |
| Studio | Shin-egg animation |
| Episodes | 1787 and 30 specials |
| First broadcast | Apr. 2, 1979 - March 18, 2005 on TV Asahi |
| Anime television series | |
| Country of production |
Japan
|
| original language | Japanese |
| Year (s) | since 2005 |
| Episodes | 583 |
| First broadcast | April 15, 2005 on TV Asahi |
Doraemon ( Japaneseド ラ え も ん) is a manga series by the draftsman duo Fujiko Fujio , which appeared in Japan from 1969 to 1996 and is also the name of the main character. In Asia is Doraemon as well known as Mickey Mouse in the Western world. The numerous episodes of the cartoon series are often provided with educational requirements. They have been translated into a number of languages. In the West, it was most successful in Italy and Spanish-speaking countries.
action
The robot Doraemon is sent from the 22nd century to the present. The great-great-grandson of Nobita tries to ensure that the clumsy Nobita is saved from his greatest mistakes, leads a carefree life and does not get into difficulties that will affect the future. In particular, Doraemon should make sure that Nobita does not get lost in trouble unnecessarily and marries Shizuka as intended.
The stories follow predefined patterns. Nobita comes home crying and calls out loud to Doraemon: "Doraemon, help me!". Together they go through some adventures and overcome Nobita's problems, which range from school problems to anger with classmates to insecurities in dealing with girls. To help Nobita, Doraemon keeps conjuring up new, imaginative devices from the future out of his pocket. Often, however, Nobita gets even deeper into the mess through their use.
characters
- Doraemon (ド ラ え も ん)
The blue robot Doraemon has a cat-like appearance. His ears have been nibbled off by a robot mouse, which is why he is terrified of mice, even though they cannot actually harm the robot. It weighs 129.3 kilograms, is 129.3 cm tall, can jump 129.3 cm into the air and runs at speeds of up to 129.3 km / h. On his stomach he wears a bag, the Yojigen-Poketto , in German a four-dimensional bag that opens into another spatial continuum and therefore offers an infinite amount of space. If necessary, he takes all kinds of objects from the future out of his pocket, such as an everywhere door and various other technical toys. Its name is derived from Dorayaki , a Japanese sweet, and "mon" for monster.
- Nobi Nobita (野 比 の び 太)
Nobita is in the 4th grade, is often unable to concentrate, does not do very well at school and easily gets into trouble. Despite all of his weaknesses, he is still a lovable boy with his heart in the right place. In the future, he and Shizuka will get married and have children, but all too often it doesn't look like it in the present.
- Minamoto Shizuka (源 静香)
Shizuka is the only girl in the stories. She is charming, adorable, and loved by all the guys in the class. She knows as little as he does that she will marry Nobita. She lives in the neighborhood, does very well at school and loves bathing. Many episodes are about Nobita trying to impress her with Doraemon's help.
- Honekawa Suneo (骨 川 ス ネ 夫)
Honekawa Suneo is a fox-faced creep. He lies and deceives himself through life. He is quite bright and has an exceptionally good general knowledge. He's vulgar and spoiled, and gets almost anything he wants. Most of all, he wants Doraemon to live with him and give him everything he doesn't have yet. His best friend is Jyian. He's constantly picking on Nobita and getting him into trouble. He's secretly in love with Shizuka. Although he is a braggart and a snob, he is sometimes portrayed quite graciously. Of course, his bad character quickly comes out again afterwards.
- Gōda Takeshi (剛 田 武)
Gōda Takeshi (Jaian) is the group's tyrant. He's tough and strong and can't sing. He and Suneo always pick on Nobita. He's often jealous of them because of all the things Nobita and Suneo get. So he takes the toys away from them and torments them. He likes to read comic books, and his school grades are not particularly good, but not as bad as Nobita's either. Like Nobita, he always gets into trouble. He also has a younger sister: Jaiko (ジ ャ イ 子).
- Dekisugi Hidetoshi (出 木 杉 英才)
Dekisugi Hidetoshi is an all-round perfect person. He's top of the class, athletic, and quite popular. Only Suneo is more popular because he gives gifts to the girls in the neighborhood. He is very kind, humble and never brags. Nobita always tries to get Dekisugi to do his homework to make his school day a little easier.
analysis
Each of the stories is eight to ten pages long. The basic scheme is the interaction between the little boy and his robot, which leads to strange chaos under ever new circumstances. This scheme also occurs in other Japanese children's series, but Doraemon is the most important representative. Another formulation of this scheme is that of combining an everyday scene with a single extraordinary element - the robot Doraemon - which sets a chain of events in motion. Similarly already worked Obake no Q-taro from the same Zeichnerduo, but with a spirit rather than a robot.
The series is aimed at preschoolers. Many of the short stories have a moral or lesson, such as an ecological one. Anthropomorphic animals often play a role in this, similar to that in fables. The ecological messages show the influences of Buddhism in Japan, which teaches compassion for all things to respect and protect nature. There are also nostalgic reviews of nature that has been lost through modernity. In addition to these references to Japanese moral concepts, the stories also take up Japanese holidays, legends and episodes of Japanese history. Despite the ecological or moral messages, the stories are generally positive about technology and convey an optimistic picture of human development. According to some cultural scholars, the constant protection shown and the fulfillment of all children's wishes by Doraemon are also a reflection of the psychological needs of young children.
Manga
According to Fujimoto, earlier experiences with series for children contributed to the creation of the series. Among them particularly Obake no Q-tarō from 1964. What has proven to be successful has now been expanded in Doraemon . The first manga appeared from December 1969 simultaneously in various children's magazines aimed at children of different ages. In each of the monthly magazines, a manga was published that was tailored precisely to the respective age group. Doraemon later switched to quarterly and then monthly magazines until the Shogakukan publishing house finally published CoroCoro Comic in 1979 , which initially dealt exclusively with Doraemon .
The series was published in 45 edited volumes from 1974 to 1996, Shogakukan also used several episodes in various manga magazines. An English translation was published by Shogakukan English Comics from 2002 to 2005. The series is widespread in East and Southeast Asia. The first publication in Hong Kong appeared under the name Ding Dong in 1975 in the magazine Yitung Lokyun in a completely redrawn and colored version with Chinese names. For a long time , Doraemon came there and from here to the Southeast Asian states only in the form of commercially distributed, unlicensed copies before license agreements were concluded in the 1990s. Translations have also appeared in France, Spain, Italy and Latin America.
Anime television series
A first adaptation of the manga as an anime series for Japanese television was made in 1973 by Nippon Television Dōga . Based on the scripts by Haruya Yamazaki and Yoshitake Suzuki and directed by Mitsuo Kaminashi , 26 episodes were produced. The artistic direction was Shōhei Kawamoto . It was broadcast from April 1 to September 30, 1973 on Nippon TV . Internationally, the series was shown in Spain, Mexico, Italy and the Philippines.
In 1979 Shin-Ei Animation began producing a new season . Directed by Tsutomu Shibayama , authors were Fumihiko Shimo , Hideki Sonoda , Masaki Tsuji and Takashi Yamada . The character design comes from Eiichi Nakamura . The series aired on TV Asahi from April 2, 1979 . It ran until March 25, 2005 and reached 1787 episodes. It was broadcast on television in English, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Arabic and Tagalog.
On April 15, 2005, a new season started for Doraemon's 25th birthday . This was again created by Shin-Ei Animation, first under director Kōzō Kusuba , then Soichiro Zen . The first broadcast takes place on TV Asahi. Internationally there are broadcasts in English, French, Spanish, Italian, Arabic, Tagalog, Polish and Portuguese.
synchronization
| role | Japanese voice ( seiyū ) 1973 | Japanese voice 1979 | Japanese voice 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doraemon | Kōsei Tomita , Masako Nozawa | Nobuyo Oyama | Megumi Oohara |
| Nobita | Yoshiko Ohta | Noriko Ohara | Wasabi Mizuta |
| Nobisuke Nobi | Ichirō Murakoshi | Masayuki Katō , Yōsuke Naka | Yasunori Matsumoto |
| Tamako Nobi | Noriko Ohara | Sachiko Chijimatsu | Tomoko Kawakami |
| Jaian / Takeshi Gōda | Kaneta Kimotsuki | Kazuya Tatekabe | Subaru Kimura |
| Masako Ebisu | Shizuka Minamoto | ||
| Suneo Honekawa | Shun Yashiro | Kaneta Kimotsuki | Tomokazu Seki |
music
The music for the first season was composed by Nobuyoshi Koshibe and Shunsuke Kikuchi . The opening credits are Doraemon and the credits are Doraemon Rumba , both by Harumi Naitoh.
For the second season, Shunsuke Kikuchi composed the music. The preludes are:
- Doraemon no Uta by Kumiko Oosugi, Nobuyo Oyama
- Boku Doraemon by Nobuyo Oyama, Koorogi '73
- Doraemon no Uta by Satoko Yamano
- Doraemon no Uta from Tokyo Purin
- Doraemon no Uta by Misato Watanabe
- Doraemon no Uta by AJI
The following songs were used for the end credits:
- Doraemon Ekaki-uta from Nobuyo Oyama
- Aoi Sora wa Pocket sa by Kumiko Oosugi
- Doraemon Ondo by Nobuyo Oyama, Koorogi '73
- Dorami-chan Ekaki-uta by Keiko Yokozawa
- Maru-gao no Uta from Nobuyo Oyama
- Boku-tachi Chikyuu-jin by Mitsuko Horie
- Santa Claus wa Doko no Hito by Nobuyo Oyama
- Aozora-tte Iina by Mitsuko Horie
- Ashita mo Tomodachi by Yui Nishiwaki
- Boku Doraemon 2112 by Nobuyo Oyama, Koorogi '73
- Mata Aeru Hi made by Yuzu
- Tanpopo no Uta from The Alfee
- YUME-biyori by Hitomi Shimatani
- Aa Iina! by W [Double You]
The music for the third season was composed by Kan Sawada and Shunsuke Kikuchi . The preludes are:
- Doraemon no Uta from Twelve Girls Band
- Hug Shichao by Rimi Natsukawa
- Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon by mao
The credits were underlaid with the song Odore Dore Dora Doraemon Ondo by Wasabi Mizuta.
Special offers
In addition to the series, several television films were broadcast:
| title | Original title | year | length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oshogatsu da yo! Doraemon | お 正月 だ よ！ ド ラ え も ん | 1979 | 60 min |
| Doraemon and Itchy the Stray | 1979 | ||
| Doraemon Meets Hattori the Ninja | 1979 | ||
| Doraemon's Time Capsule for 2001 | 1979 | ||
| Doraemon: Come back Doraemon | 1979 | ||
| Doraemon: Featherplace | 1979 | ||
| Aki there! Ichiban Doraemon Matsuri | 秋 だ！ 一番 ド ラ え も ん 祭 り | 1986 | |
| Haru there! Ichiban Doraemon Matsuri | 春 だ！ 一番 ド ラ え も ん 祭 り | 1986 | |
| Natsu there! Ichiban Doraemon Matsuri | 夏 だ！ 一番 ド ラ え も ん 祭 り | 1986 | |
| Doraemon: It's winter! | 1986 | ||
| Doraemon: Summer Holiday | 1986 | ||
| Doraemon: Treasure of the Shinugumi Mountain | 1986 | ||
| X'mas da yo! Doraemon & Doraemons Chō Special | X 'マ ス だ よ！ ド ラ え も ん ＆ ド ラ え も ん ズ 超 ス ペ シ ャ ル ！！ | 1996 |
cinemamovies
The first full-length Doraemon animes were produced in 1980, and new films have been released every spring since then. The plot was partly relocated to exotic or prehistoric locations and legends and literary models were used in some films, which gave the films a more adventurous character. The films have always been among the most successful anime films of the year from the start and each grossed well over 1 billion yen. In the 1980s, the tickets were sold as double or triple tickets, as was customary at the time, mostly together with monster real films such as the Godzilla series. In 1997, Nobita's Clockwork City Adventure grossed 2 billion yen and the 27th film Doraemon: Nobita no Shin Makai Daibōken - Shichinin no Mahōtsukai , which came into Japanese cinemas in 2007 , grossed $ 33.1 million, making it the second most successful anime film of the year and seventh among all films in Japan.
| title | Original title | year | length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doraemon: Nobita No Kyoryu | の び 太 の 恐 竜 | 1980 | 92 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita no Uchū Kaitakushi | の び 太 の 宇宙 開拓 史 | 1981 | 91 min |
| ド ラ え も ん ぼ く 、 桃 太郎 の な ん な の さ | 1981 | 46 min | |
| Doraemon: Nobita no daimakyo | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 大 魔境 | 1982 | 92 min |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 海底 鬼 岩 城 | 1983 | 95 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 魔界 大 冒 険 | 1984 | 98 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 宇宙 小 戦 争 （リ ト ル ・ ・ ス タ ー ウ ォ ー ズ） | 1985 | 98 min | |
| Doraemon: Nobita to Tetsujin Heidan | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と 鉄 人 兵 団 | 1986 | 97 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita to Ryu no Kishi | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と 竜 の 騎士 | 1987 | 93 min |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の パ ラ レ ル 西遊記 | 1988 | 90 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 日本 誕生 | 1989 | 100 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と ア ニ マ ル 惑星 （プ ラ ネ ッ ト） | 1990 | 100 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の ド ラ ビ ア ン ナ イ ト | 1991 | 100 min | |
| Doraemon: Nobita to Kumo no Ōkoku | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と 雲 の 王国 | 1992 | 100 min |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と ブ リ キ の 迷宮 | 1993 | 100 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と 夢幻 三 剣 士 | 1994 | 100 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 創世 日記 | 1995 | 98 min | |
| 2112: nen Doraemon Tanjō | ド ラ え も ん ２１１２ 年 ド ラ え も ん 誕生 | 1995 | 30 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita to Ginga Chō Tokkyū [Express] | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と 銀河 超 特急 （エ ク ス プ レ ス） | 1996 | 97 min |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の ね じ 巻 き 都市 （シ テ ィ ー） 冒 険 記 | 1997 | 98 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 南海 大 冒 険 | 1998 | 91 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん 帰 っ て き た ド ラ え も ん | 1998 | 27 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 宇宙 漂流 記 | 1999 | 93 min | |
| Doraemon: Nobita no Kekkon Zenya | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 結婚 前夜 | 1999 | 26 min |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 太陽 王 伝 説 | 2000 | 93 min | |
| Doraemon: Obāchan no Omoide | ド ラ え も ん お ば あ ち ゃ ん の 思 い 出 | 2000 | 27 min |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と 翼 の 勇者 た ち | 2001 | 91 min | |
| Doraemon: Ganbare! Gian !! | ド ラ え も ん が ん ば れ！ ジ ャ イ ア ン ！！ | 2001 | 25 min |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の ロ ボ ッ ト 王国 | 2002 | 81 min | |
| Doraemon: Boku no Umareta Hi | ド ラ え も ん ぼ く の 生 ま れ た 日 | 2002 | 28 min |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と ふ し ぎ 風 使 い | 2003 | 80 min | |
| ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の ワ ン ニ ャ ン 時空 伝 | 2004 | 80 min | |
| Doraemon: Nobita no Kyoryu 2006 | の び 太 の 恐 竜 2006 | 2006 | 107 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita no Shin Makai Daibōken - Shichinin no Mahōtsukai | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 新 魔界 大 冒 険 ～ 7 人 の 魔法 使 い ～ | 2007 | 112 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita to Midori no Kyojin Den | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と 緑 の 巨人 伝 | 2008 | 112 min |
| Doraemon: Shin Nobita no Uchū Kaitakushi | ド ラ え も ん 新 ・ の び 太 の 宇宙 開拓 史 | 2009 | 102 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita no Ningyo Daikaisen | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 人魚 大海 戦 | 2010 | 99 min |
| Doraemon: Shin Nobita to Tetsujin Heidan - Habatake Tenshi-tachi | ド ラ え も ん 新 ・ の び 太 と 鉄 人 兵 団 ～ は は ば た け 天使 た ち ～ | 2011 | 109 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita to Kiseki no Shima ~ Animal Adventure ~ | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 と 奇跡 の 島 ～ ア ニ マ ル ア ア ド ベ ン チ ャ ー ～ | 2012 | 99 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita no Himitsu Dōgu Museum | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の ひ み つ 道具 博物館 （ミ ュ ー ジ ア ム） | 2013 | 104 min |
| Doraemon Shin Nobita no Daimakyo ~ Peko to 5-nin no Tankentai ~ | ド ラ え も ん 新 ・ の び 太 の 大 魔境 ～ ペ コ と 5 人 の 探 検 隊 ～ | 2014 | 104 min |
| Doraemon: Nobita no Space Heroes | ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 宇宙 英雄 記 （ス ペ ー ス ヒ ー ロ ー ズ） | 2015 | 100 min |
| Doraemon Shin Nobita no Nihon Tanjō | ド ラ え も ん 新 ・ の び 太 の 日本 誕生 | 2016 | 104 min |
| Eiga Doraemon: Nobita no Nankyoku Kachi Kochi Daibōken | 映 画 ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 南極 カ チ コ チ 大 冒 険 | 2017 | 101 min |
| Eiga Doraemon: Nobita no Takarajima | 映 画 ド ラ え も ん の び 太 の 宝島 | 2018 | 109 min |
In addition to the main row, two secondary rows were created:
| title | Original title | year | length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dorami-chan: Mini-Dora SOS | ド ラ ミ ち ゃ ん ミ ニ ド ラ ＳＯＳ ！！！ | 1989 | 40 min |
| Dorami-chan: Arara Shōnen Sanzoku Dan | ド ラ ミ ち ゃ ん ア ラ ラ ・ 少年 山賊 団！ | 1991 | 40 min |
| Dorami-chan: Hello, Dynosis Kids !! | ド ラ ミ ち ゃ ん ハ ロ ー 恐 竜 キ ッ ズ | 1993 | 40 min |
| Dorami-chan: A Blue Straw Hat | ド ラ ミ ち ゃ ん 青 い ス ト ロ ー ハ ッ ト | 1995 | 15 minutes |
| Dorami & Doraemons: Robot School's Seven Mysteries | ド ラ ミ ＆ ド ラ え も ん ズ ロ ボ ッ ト 学校 七 不 思議！？ | 1996 | 31 min |
| title | Original title | year | length |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Doraemons: The Mysterious Thief Dorapan The Mysterious Cartel | ザ ☆ ド ラ え も ん ズ 怪 盗 ド ラ パ ン 謎 の 挑 戦 状！ | 1997 | 31 min |
| The Doraemons: The Great Operation of Springing Insects | ザ ☆ ド ラ え も ん ズ ム シ ム シ ぴ ょ ん ぴ ょ ん 大作 戦！ | 1998 | 16 min |
| The Doraemons: Strange, Sweets, Strange? | ザ ☆ ド ラ え も ん ズ お か し な お 菓子 な オ カ シ ナ ナ？ | 1999 | 16 min |
| The Doraemons: Doki Doki Wildcat Engine | ザ ☆ ド ラ え も ん ズ ド キ ド キ 機関 車 大 爆走！ | 2000 | 17 min |
| Dorami & Doraemons: Space Land's Critical Event | ド ラ ミ ＆ ド ラ え も ん ズ 宇宙 （ス ペ ー ス） ラ ン ド 危機 イ ッ パ ツ！ | 2001 | 15 minutes |
| The Doraemons: Goal! Goal! Goal!! | ザ ☆ ド ラ え も ん ズ ゴ ー ル！ ゴ ー ル！ ゴ ー ル ！！ | 2002 | 7 min |
Video games
Over 60 video games related to Doraemon have been published in Japan. The first game for the Arcadia system was released in 2001 . This was followed by games for PlayStation , Nintendo DS , Nintendo 3DS , Sega Pico , iOS and Android, among others .
Merchandising
Since Doraemon gained significantly in popularity at the end of the 1970s, numerous merchandising products have been brought out for the series and especially with the main character Doreamon . The figure and all merchandise are licensed from Fujiko Pro . These include toys, clothing and stationery as well as the use as an advertising figure for various products, services and institutions. The revenues from these licensed products totaled 15.3 billion yen from 1979 to 1994. For some time, around 100 to 150 products or uses of the brand were added each year.
reception
The manga has won several awards: it first won the Japan Cartoonist Award in 1973 , then in 1982 the 27th Shogakukan Manga Prize . Fujiko Fujio received the Great Manga Prize for Doraemon in 1997 at the first Osamu Tezuka Culture Prize . For a long time the figure has been one of the most famous and popular in Japan. The financial success was big enough - especially with the beginning of the anime adaptation for television - that the cartoon duo had a joint income of the equivalent of 1.7 million US dollars in 1980. With the start of the film adaptations, the series also became an institution of children's entertainment in Japan. The series was also very successful internationally, especially in East and Southeast Asia since the 1970s. It became very popular in Thailand in the early 1990s and the character Doraemon was used in several countries for a wide variety of advertising - from fast food chains to government organizations. The series was also successful in Latin America, the Middle East and parts of Europe.
Andreas C. Knigge calls the figure Doraemon “every Japanese's dream”: a “mechanical learning aid, undemanding and at the same time cute”. Jason Thompson compares the role of the robot to that of a genie . The manga is funny in its silliness, reinforced by the simple, somewhat old-fashioned style and sometimes mixed with dry humor. Frederik L. Schodt calls the stories "reserved and sweet" compared to many much wilder series of the gag and children's genre, which could also be a reason for their popularity with both children and parents. The German magazine Mangaszene adds that the “imaginative classic” provides an “interesting glimpse into the life of a Japanese elementary school student in the 70s” and in this respect is “a treasure trove for every Japan enthusiast”. The Anime Encyclopedia certifies the television series sustained success through simple stories and timeless animations.
In April 2002, Doraemon was named by Time Magazine as one of the 22 most important figureheads of Japan and "the cuddliest hero in Asia". In 2008, the Japanese Foreign Ministry named the character as the country's first anime ambassador to help spread understanding of Japanese culture. However, the series is hardly known in many western countries, including Germany and the United States, although the long-running series with numerous films and merchandising could appear lucrative for American commercial users. Fred Patten sees the reason for the lack of exploitation in the very young target group of Doraemon in connection with the close connection of many of the stories with Japanese holidays, sagas, history and morals, to which American children have no relation.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Paul Gravett: Manga - Sixty Years of Japanese Comics . Egmont Manga and Anime, 2004. p. 67.
- ↑ a b Manga scene No. 11, p. 38.
- ↑ Fred Patten: Watching Anime, Reading Manga - 25 Years of Essays and Reviews . Stone Bridge Press, 2004. p. 226.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Frederik L. Schodt : Dreamland Japan - Writings on Modern Manga . Stone Bridge Press, Berkeley 2011, ISBN 978-1-933330-95-2 , pp. 217-219 .
- ↑ Patrick Drazen: Anime Explosion! - The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation. Stone Bridge Press, 2002, pp. 188-190.
- ↑ Eri Izawa: Environmentalism in Manga and Anime. 1997, accessed September 7, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Fred Patten: Watching Anime, Reading Manga - 25 Years of Essays and Reviews . Stone Bridge Press, 2004. pp. 136f.
- ↑ a b Mio Bryce and Jason Davis: An Overview of Manga Genres . In: Toni Johnson-Woods (Ed.): Manga - An Anthology of Global and Cultural Perspectives . Continuum Publishing, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-8264-2938-4 , pp. 41 (therein reference to Mio Bryce, Mark Schilling, Frederick Schodt).
- ↑ a b Frederik L. Schodt : Dreamland Japan - Writings on Modern Manga . Stone Bridge Press, Berkeley 2011, ISBN 978-1-933330-95-2 , pp. 85 .
- ↑ a b c Jason Thompson: Manga. The Complete Guide . Del Rey, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0345485908 , pp. 85f. (English)
- ↑ Wendy Siuyi Wong: Globalizing Manga: From Japan to Hong Kong and Beyond . In: Toni Johnson-Woods (Ed.): Manga - An Anthology of Global and Cultural Perspectives . Continuum Publishing, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-8264-2938-4 , pp. 339, 342 .
- ↑ a b Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy: The Anime Encyclopedia. Revised & Expanded Edition . Stone Bridge Press, Berkeley 2006, ISBN 978-1-933330-10-5 , pp. 158 .
- ↑ Jonathan Clements : Anime - A History . Palgrave Macmillan 2013. pp. 166f, 187. ISBN 978-1-84457-390-5 .
- ↑ animenewsnetwork about the most successful animes of 2007
- ↑ a b c Paul Gravett (eds.) And Andreas C. Knigge (transl.): 1001 comics that you should read before life is over . Zurich 2012, Edition Olms. P. 300.
- ↑ Frederik L. Schodt: Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics . Kodansha America, 1983, ISBN 978-0-87011-752-7 , pp. 140 .
- ^ Susan J. Napier: Anime from Akira to Princess Mononoke: Experiencing Contemporary Japanese Animation . Palgrave 2001. p. 5.
- ^ John A. Lent: Manga in East Asia. In: Toni Johnson-Woods (Ed.): Manga - An Anthology of Global and Cultural Perspectives . Continuum Publishing, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-8264-2938-4 , p. 309.
Web links
- official website
- Doraemon goods website (Japanese)
- fernsehserien.de on the television series
- Entry at Anime News Network (English)