Biesenbrow village church
The Protestant village church Biesenbrow is an early Gothic field stone church in the Biesenbrow district of Angermünde in the Uckermark district in Brandenburg . It belongs to the parish of Schönermark in the parish of Uckermark of the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia and can be visited after registration.
history
The medieval church is in the center of the village, east of the main street. It is built in an east-west direction in the middle of the enclosed churchyard. The parish of Biesenbrow belonged to the diocese of Cammin in the Middle Ages and only changed to the diocese of Brandenburg, Sedes Angermünde after the Reformation. It was always the mother church , for a long time without a branch church , only in 1812 was it affiliated with Frauenhagen. Since 1970 the parish has been provided for by other parishes, today by Schönermark. The patronage lay with the local rulers: until the end of the 17th century with the von Biesenbrow family; it was followed by the Schwedt margrave until 1788 and then until 1945 by the prince or duchy of Anhalt-Dessau.
The building was probably built as a municipal parish church; the third quarter of the 13th century is assumed to be the construction time. The church used to have three bells, two of which were the work of Magister Laurentius, a bell-maker who can be found elsewhere in the region at the end of the 13th century. The church was destroyed in the Thirty Years War ; it was still in decline in 1699. After the beginning of the 18th century, it was rebuilt and redesigned at the same time. At that time, among other things, the priest's gate was walled up and the sacristy on the north side demolished, and in 1727 the nave windows were renewed in Baroque shapes and the exterior was given a plaster sludge. In 1739 the top of the tower was redesigned; the east wall of the tower substructure had previously been torn down and rebuilt a meter to the west. Structural changes were made to the tower in 1791 and 1842.
On 24./25. In May 1909, a fire destroyed considerable parts of the church, especially the interior, roof structure, west gable and the tower including the belfry. In 1912 the reconstruction took place under the direction of the secret court building councilor Böttger, who was employed by the ducal court chamber of Dessau. The construction work was led by master mason Kersten from Gramzow. The church was rededicated on December 10, 1912.
In 1945 an explosion of ammunition stored in the chancel caused considerable structural damage and destroyed other parts of the equipment. In 1948/53, the damage to the roof, ceiling and windows, among other things, was repaired. In 1976 the tower was renovated, with the plaster, paint and cover being renewed, and in 1983 the church interior was renovated. In 1989 the tower was renovated again, including the spire with a weather vane .
architecture
The core of the hall church is an early Gothic block stone building with a straight east end and a transversely rectangular west tower the width of a ship. The size of the building, which is around 31 × 13 m, clearly demonstrates the urban requirements that existed at the time of construction. The surrounding walls from the construction period have been preserved almost at their original height of eight meters. Its masonry, including the slightly protruding base, which is now partly below ground level, is made of neatly layered stone blocks; great care was taken with the building corners and openings. In places there are remnants of the joint reinforcement with an incised double line, which was renewed around 1910.
On the long sides there were originally five narrow window openings with sloping soffits and pressed pointed arches. One of these openings was restored in 1979 as a blind opening to illustrate the earlier state, another window, which has now been blocked, is preserved in the north wall; In addition, one slot window from the construction period in the north and south of the tower substructure. Since 1727, the sides of the nave have each had three baroque window openings with brick reveal and arched ends. Remnants of lime plaster surfaces and frames also refer to the reconstruction of the church at that time.
On the east side, the two outer openings of the original three-window group are unchanged, the slightly raised central window was probably walled up when a pulpit altar was erected in the 18th century. Presumably at the same time the east gable with three flat arched staggered niches and a central flat arch opening was renewed and plastered. On the west side in the tower substructure, the original main portal has been preserved; its pointed, double-stepped reveal is accentuated by cuboids in a selected format and color. Two other pointed arch portals from the construction period have survived on the south side: the parish entrance with simply tiered walls and the smaller, later added priest's gate are to the east of it. On the north side, traces of the demolished sacristy can still be seen in the east as defects in the masonry. The retracted tower tower is a result of the baroque reconstruction or the renovation after the fire of 1909. The bell storey is designed as a smooth plastered brick structure; It contains paired, flat-arched sound openings and the clock face of the tower clock from 1912. The upper part of the tower is made up of a cubic structure clad with copper sheeting, which is closed off by a curved hood . A pole with a pommel, weather vane and star serves as the crowning element.
The interior of the church hall is largely unadorned today due to the destruction in 1909 and 1945. The large room was provided with a wooden beam ceiling and ceramic floor tiles in 1912 . The pews and the gallery with neo-Gothic ornamented parapets come from the redesign at the time , and two doors, candlestick crowns and some spoils from the altar and organ prospectus have been preserved. The chancel is raised by a low step, there is the altar retable in the center on a newly bricked altar block and the pulpit on the south side. The windows are designed with colored industrial glass from 1978 (Kunstglaserei Lehmann, Berlin-Weißensee). The belfry and the roof are also from 1912. There are probably still tombs or graves under the church interior.
Furnishing
The altarpiece was moved here from Crussow in 1970 . The winged altar was created around 1430 and was painted over in 1983. In the shrine, carved figures depict the Madonna between James and a holy bishop with a veil over it. In the wings there are two reliefs with scenes of the birth and childhood of Jesus, on the outside there are still remains of paintings. In 1620 the predella as well as an essay and decoration in the Renaissance style were added. The retable consists of colored wood and is partially affected by the modern new version. In the predella, the Lord's Supper is depicted as an oil painting. The top is crowned by a late medieval wooden crucifix.
The pulpit also comes from Crussow, was built around 1620 and was revised in 1700, adding to the stringer and parts of the sound cover. It consists of colored wood and is badly damaged. The fields on the polygonal pulpit are decorated with paintings of the evangelists in arched architecture, the corners are accentuated by columns. The sound cover is richly carved and crowned by a figure of Christ.
The baptismal stand is a wooden stand in neo-Gothic shapes; the baptismal font at the same time dates from around 1912 and was made of brass and provided with an inscription.
The organ was assembled by Ulrich Fahlberg (Eberswalde) from parts of two older Organs 1986, Neo-Gothic housing and gaming table , wind loading and Manual pipes come from an organ of the company Lang & Dinse produced before 1850 for Neumühl at Kiistrin and reacted in 1903 after Crussow . The magazine bellows and sub-bass come from the predecessor organ built by Albert Kienscherf (Eberswalde) in 1912 , which was stored in the church tower in 1968 because it was unplayable.
An inscription dated 1678 silver gilt chalice indicates the cuppa an extensive inscription of the founder, a widowed by Biesenbrow. A late Gothic lattice door is made of sheet iron; it used to be used to close a flat arched sacrament niche in the north wall and is now kept in the Prenzlau Museum. It is about 80 × 70 cm in size, the crossing points of the bars are alternately decorated with rosettes and semicircular buttons. The older of the bells dates from 1912 and was cast in bronze in Stettin, the younger is made of steel and was made in Apolda in 1973.
meaning
The church is the only surviving medieval structure in the village. Due to its size, which differs significantly from that of other village churches in the region, it still bears witness to Biesenbrow's medieval development as an urban-structured settlement. In the village and the surrounding landscape, the building with its around 35 m high tower is a striking eye-catcher.
Together with the neighboring rectory and the school, the church shows an urban situation that used to be typical of the villages in the region. The cemetery with its old trees also contributes to the ensemble effect. Some of the older grave sites are of particular importance for local history in connection with the literary work of Ehm Welk .
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 , p. 81.
- Heinrich Trost, Beate Becker, Horst Büttner, Ilse Schröder, Christa Stepansky: The architectural and art monuments of the GDR. Frankfurt / Oder district. Henschelverlag Art and Society, Berlin 1980, p. 20.
Web links
- Entry in the monument database of the State of Brandenburg
- Website of the parish of Schönermark
- Website about churches in the Uckermark
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information on the pages of the support group for old churches in Brandenburg. Retrieved June 19, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d Monument Topography Uckermark, Vol. 18.1, 2016, pp. 183ff.
- ^ Hannes Ludwig: Organ manual Brandenburg. Volume 2: Uckermark. Eastern part. Published by Wolf Bergelt . Freimut und Selbst, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-937378-14-5 , p. 50.
Coordinates: 53 ° 7 '7.3 " N , 14 ° 1' 1.1" E