Glandular willowherb

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Glandular willowherb
Epilobium ciliatum FWS-01.jpg

Glandular fireweed ( Epilobium ciliatum )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Subfamily : Onagroideae
Genre : Willowherb ( epilobium )
Type : Glandular willowherb
Scientific name
Epilobium ciliatum
Raf.

The glandular willowherb ( Epilobium ciliatum ) is a species of willowherb ( Epilobium ) within the family of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). It is native to North America and a neophyte in Europe .

description

Stem with glandular hairs
Opening capsule fruit and seeds
Seed with papillae arranged in conspicuous rows

Vegetative characteristics

The glandular willowherb is a perennial , herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 30 to 80 (20 to 140) centimeters. The stem, which is rather angular with two to four raised longitudinal ridges, has dense to loosely glandular hair at least in the upper area. No runners are formed at the bottom, but a rosette of leaves does .

The leaves are opposite to the inflorescence. The leaves are divided into a short petiole and leaf blade. With a length of 3 to 10 centimeters and a width of 1.8 to 3 centimeters, the simple leaf blade is ovate to oblong-lanceolate with a rounded or truncated base and a serrated leaf margin.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to October. The inflorescence axis is hairy glandular.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and have a long tube. The axis cup is covered with protruding glandular hairs. The corolla forms a funnel. The light pink to white petals are 2 to 3, rarely up to 6 millimeters long. The stylus is erect, the scar is keulig and head shape.

The capsule fruit is protruding glandular hairy. The finely papillary seeds are about 1 millimeter long and have a short, translucent appendage at the tip. The papillae are white, pointed and stand in clear longitudinal rows, the seeds appear striped white.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 36.

Locational conditions in Central Europe

The glandular willowherb grows in Central Europe on fresh, nutrient-rich clay soils on clearcuts and embankments, in gardens, on the edges of forests and in reeds. It occurs in Central Europe especially in societies of the Bidention Association and the Galio-Urticenea. It occurs up to the montane altitude level . In the Allgäu Alps, it was observed in the Vorarlberg part between the middle Diedamsalpe and the Schrannenbach near Schoppernau at an altitude of 1500 meters.

Systematics and distribution

The first publication of Epilobium ciliatum was in 1808 by Constantine S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz .

The glandular fireweed is widespread from North to Central to South America as well as in the temperate zones of Asia. It has been proven in Germany since 1927. The main spread in Europe did not begin until 1950. It occurs mainly in Northern and Western Europe , in Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Scandinavia, Finland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland and Russia. The glandular willowherb is an invasive new citizen ( neophyte ) in Europe .

The glandular willowherb is quite variable and forms hybrids with the native species in Central Europe .

Of Epilobium ciliatum there are subtypes:

  • Epilobium ciliatum Raf. subsp. ciliatum (Syn .: Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. , Epilobium chilense Hausskn. , Epilobium valdiviense Hausskn. ): It is widespread in North, Central and South America as well as in Asia and is a neophyte in Europe and Australia.
  • Epilobium ciliatum subsp. glandulosum (loam.) Hoch & PHRaven (Syn .: Epilobium glandulosum loam. ): It is common in Canada and the USA and is a neophyte in Iceland .
  • Epilobium ciliatum subsp. watsonii (Barbey) Hoch & PHRaven : It occurs in western North America in British Columbia , in Oregon , Washington and California .

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  686 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 250.
  3. ↑ a b Epilobium ciliatum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 29, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Glandular Willowherb ( Epilobium ciliatum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files