Dragon mouth
| Dragon mouth | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dragon's mouth ( Horminum pyrenaicum ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Horminum | ||||||||||||
| L. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Horminum pyrenaicum | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Dragon's Mouth ( Horminum pyrenaicum ) is the only way the plant genus Horminum to the family of mint belongs (Lamiaceae). This species is also called the Pyrenean dragon mouth .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The dragon's mouth is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. The square stem is almost bald, but covered with small hairs with sessile glands.
The simple leaves are almost all in a basal rosette. There are at most one or two pairs of small stem leaves. The long-stalked basal leaves have an oval to rounded shape and are wrinkled with a bluntly notched leaf margin.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from June to August. In a one-sided pseudo - spike inflorescence , two to six nodding flowers sit in five to ten pseudo whorls in the axils of the bracts .
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused and the calyx is double-lipped with long, pointed calyx teeth. The five petals are fused. The purple, two-lipped crown is 15 to 20 millimeters long and about twice as long as the calyx. The upright upper lip is edged and the lower lip in three parts. The crown throat is hairy.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
Occurrence
The distribution area of Horminum pyrenaicum includes the southern Alps , from Lake Lugano to the Julian and Salzburg Alps , Savoy , Maritime Alps , as well as the area from the Pyrenees to the Cantabrian Mountains and the Apuan Alps .
In Austria, the dragon's mouth occurs in the federal states of Carinthia, Salzburg (from the Hochkönig to the Leoganger Steinberge), Tyrol (near Wörgl), East Tyrol (Carnic Alps) and Vorarlberg (Lechtal Alps). The dragon's mouth is rare in the southern Alps, but it grows socially. It also occurs frequently in certain areas, for example in the Lake Garda area. The very rare occurrences in the Northern Alps are pre-glacial - relictic .
The limestone plant prefers poor pastures, stony lawns, scree and light forests as a location . The dragon's mouth occurs at altitudes from 1000 to 3500 meters. It is a character species of the Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirentis from the Seslerion association, but also occurs in the mesobromion at lower altitudes.
Systematics
The generic name Horminum was established by Carl von Linné . The generic name Horminum is derived from horminon , hormao for stimulate, because this species was supposedly used as an aphrodisiac . Horminum pyrenaicum is the only species of the genus Horminum from the Untertribus Nepetinae within the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the family Lamiaceae .
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
- Oskar Angerer, Thomas Muer: Alpine plants (= Ulm nature guide ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2004, ISBN 3-8001-3374-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 810 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Horminum pyrenaicum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 14, 2019.
Web links
- Horminum pyrenaicum L., Pyrenean dragon's mouth. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Dragon mouth . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Horminum pyrenaicum L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved February 23, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Drachenmaul data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- Lamiaceae / Horminum pyrenaicum - Drachenmaul / "Pyrenees-Drachenmaul" - data sheet with photos at Botanik im Bild / Flora von Österreich, Liechtenstein and Südtirol , 2014-01-30.