Dreros

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Dreros

Dreros ( Greek  Δρῆρος ) was an ancient city on Crete . It is east of modern Neapoli .

history

Dreros is located in the north of the island near the Mirabello plain on two hills on the slope of the Kadiston. There are no remains from the Minoan period . The city experienced its heyday especially in the geometric and archaic period and is mentioned in various inscriptions from which it can be seen that it was permanently at war with neighboring cities. In the case of ancient authors, however, it hardly appears at all. In the 3rd century BC BC she was allied with Knossos . In the second century BC BC it probably lost its independence and belonged to Knossos or Lyttos . In the Hellenistic period , Dreros minted his own coins. The place was still inhabited under the Romans and the Byzantines . The main deities were Apollo Delphinios and Athene Polioucho .

West side of the agora

archeology

Remnants of the cistern

Most of the city has been excavated. The center was between the two hills. Here was the relatively large agora (about 40 × 20 meters). Above the agora, in the southwest, there was a temple in which Apollo was worshiped and which is one of the earliest surviving Greek temples. There were also three bronze statues with a former wooden core, which may represent Apollo, Artemis and Leto . They date from 650 to 640 BC. The actual temple is probably around 775 BC. Was built. The cella is about 10.90 × 7.20 meters (external dimensions). A large cistern (3.50 × 5.50 m and about 8 m deep) was built below the temple in the late third century. There was a dedication inscription and various others that probably fell down from the temple here. Below is the oldest Greek legal text. Two inscriptions from the city are written in Eeteocretic . Extensive fortifications have been preserved. Parts of a cemetery could be excavated.

The ruins can now be visited.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Geometric Art II Pictures of the Temple and the Statues

literature

  • Ludwig Bürchner : Dreros . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE) . Volume V, 2. Stuttgart 1927, Sp. 1699 ( digitized version [accessed on May 18, 2018]).
  • Spyridon Marinatos : Le temple géométrique de Dréros . In: Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique . No. 60 . École française d'Athènes , 1936, ISSN  0007-4217 , p. 214–285 (French, digitized [accessed May 19, 2018]).
  • Pierre Demargne , Henri van Effenterre : Recherches à Dréros . In: Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique . No. 61 . École française d'Athènes, 1937, ISSN  0007-4217 , p. 5–32 (French, digitized [accessed May 18, 2018]).
  • Henri van Effenterre: About you serment des Drériens . In: Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique . No. 61 . École française d'Athènes, 1937, ISSN  0007-4217 , p. 327–332 (French, digitized [accessed May 18, 2018]).
  • Pierre Demargne, Henri van Effenterre: Recherches à Dréros, II Les inscriptions archaïques . In: Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique . No. 61 . École française d'Athènes, 1937, ISSN  0007-4217 , p. 333–348 (French, digitized [accessed May 18, 2018]).
  • Pierre Demargne, Henri van Effenterre: Recherches à Dréros . In: Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique . No. 62 . École française d'Athènes, 1938, ISSN  0007-4217 , p. 194–195 (French, digitized [accessed May 18, 2018]).
  • Henri van Effenterre: Pierre inscrites de Dréros . In: Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique . No. 85 . École française d'Athènes, 1961, ISSN  0007-4217 , p. 544-568 (French, digitized [accessed May 18, 2018]).
  • Gunnar Seelentag : The conclusion of the ephebie in archaic Crete. Comments on a legal inscription from Dreros . In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . tape 168 . Habelt, 2009, ISSN  0084-5388 , p. 149-160 , JSTOR : 20756635 ( online [accessed December 6, 2018]).
  • Gunnar Seelentag: Rules for the Cosmos. Prominent roles and institutions in archaic Crete . In: Christof Schuler, Rudolf Haensch, Sophia Bönisch-Meyer (eds.): Chiron . tape 39 . de Gruyter, 2009, ISSN  0069-3715 , p. 63-97 ( online [accessed December 6, 2018]).
  • Malcolm Cross: The Creativity of Crete. City States and the Foundations of the Modern World , Oxford 2011, ISBN 9781904955955 , p. 215.
  • Vasiliki Zographaki, Alexandre Farnoux: Dréros: Cité et sanctuaire. In: Cretan cities: formation and transformation , ed. v. Florence Gaignerot-Driessen, Jan Driessen, Louvain-La-Neuve: Presses Universitaires 2015, 103–118.
  • Gérard Genevrois: Le vocabulaire institutionnel crétois d 'après les inscriptions (VIIe - IIe see av. J.-C.). Étude philologique et dialectologique , Geneva: Droz 2017.

Web links

Commons : Archaeological site of Dreros  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • David J. Blackman:  Dreros Crete . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
  • Dominique Mulliez: Le Mirabello - Dréros. American School of Classical Studies at Athens, October 22, 2010, accessed March 5, 2018 (French).
  • École française d'Athènes: Dreros. American School of Classical Studies at Athens, May 7, 2014, accessed March 5, 2018 (French).
  • Michael Blöchinger-Däumling: The ancient city of Driros. Scientific Working Group Obertshausen-Mosbach, February 5, 2018 (PDF, 674.36 KB).;

Coordinates: 35 ° 15 ′ 24 ″  N , 25 ° 37 ′ 38 ″  E