Dubrovsky

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Dubrowskij ( Russian Дубровский ) is an unfinished robber novel by the Russian national poet Alexander Pushkin , which - written in 1832 and 1833 - was published in 1841 in the tenth volume of the posthumous work edition. Nathalie von Bessel's translation into German was published in 1893 in Breslau in volume 66 of the magazine Nord und Süd .

Self-portrait 1829: Alexander Pushkin

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Dubrovsky, title page of the 1919 Soviet edition.
Design: Boris Kustodijew

The story told from the first quarter of the 19th century is based on a true story that Pushkin learned from his friend Pavel Voinowitsch Naschtschokin. Of course, Pushkin changed the names et cetera: two neighbors of the same age - noble landlords - had once served in the same regiment. Now the two widowers have retired to their estates as veterans. Each of the two has a child - the rich general a. D. Kirila Petrowitsch Trojekurow on the huge Pokrovskoje estate, the beautiful 17-year-old daughter Marja Kirilovna, called Mascha, and the impoverished Lieutenant Lieutenant Andrei Gavrilowitsch Dubrovsky, on the small estate of Kistenjowka, the twenty-three-year-old son Vladimir Dubrovsky. The latter serves in a St. Petersburg Guard Infantry Regiment.

Old Dubrovsky had turned down an offer of financial help from Troyekurov because he preferred to remain independent. The two old friends fall out over a trivial matter. Trojekurov then took possession of Dubrovsky's estate through disgusting legal tricks. Old Dubrovsky no longer understands the world. His mind becomes confused. After twelve years of absence, Vladimir Dubrovsky rushes to his father's bedside at this bad news.

Troyekurov's attempt at reconciliation comes too late. The blow hits his former old friend Dubrovsky and he dies. A crowd of officials from the court enters Kistenjowka and takes over the estate for Trojekurow. The young Vladimir Dubrovsky stands penniless.

The blacksmith Archip locks up all the officials who have traveled to the Kistenjowka mansion and Vladimir sets the house on fire. All officers are killed. The district police chief is investigating the murder and cannot find the two arsonists.

Trojekurov's daughter Mascha falls in love with her French tutor Deforges. Mascha and Deforges waltz together at a ball. But the tutor is Vladimir Dubrovsky. Vladimir had intercepted the real French before he entered Pokrovskoye, resigned himself with a chunk of money and sent it back to France. The old Kirila Trojekurow thinks of the new head of house because he is a daredevil hunter. Dubrovsky has to go back to his band of robbers and confesses who he is to Mascha in farewell. The girl screams. Dubrovsky can calm Masha down. In the meantime he has forgiven old Troyekurov.

At the behest of the father, Masha is supposed to marry a fifty-year-old rich man of the world - the neighbor, Prince Werysky. The prince commands over three thousand farmers on the Arbatowo estate on the banks of the Volga . Pushkin writes: "... her marriage to him frightened her like a scaffold, like the grave." Masha meets with Dubrovsky. Of course the robber captain could free her from the “aged suitor”, but the bride doesn't want any bloodshed and says to Dubrovsky: “... come and get me - I'll be your wife.” Trojekurov doesn't miss anything on his estate. Trojekurov hastily forced Masha's marriage to the prince: the clergyman put the usual question to the couple. Masha does not answer. Even so, the clergyman ends the ceremony. The marriage is irrevocable.

Dubrovsky's attack on the wedding carriage while driving home from the church has no effect. Masha sees herself as Princess Werysky.

Dubrovsky later repulsed an armed attack by the state power on his robber camp, broke up his band of robbers and went abroad. All the robbers have now become wealthy.

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The narrator - he speaks the plural in the first person - helps the reader when he writes in the third of the nineteen chapters of the novel fragment: “But it is time to introduce the reader to the real hero of our story: Vladimir Dubrovsky ... "And in the eighth chapter:" The reader has probably already guessed that the daughter of Kirila Petrovich, about whom we have so far only lost a few words, is the heroine of our story. "

Pushkin at times avoids boring narration strictly along the continuous time scale. By revealing drop by drop the identity of the Head of House Deforges with the robber chief Vladimir Dubrovsky, he entertains the reader with a surprise effect. What is more, Pushkin lets a thoughtful reader realize: The stylistic device in this case is to get missing information by retelling it to the subject: Who is the tutor? How did he sneak up to Masha in the Pokrovskoye estate?

Literary influences

The novel follows on from Schiller's drama “ Die Räuber ” and Kleist's novella “ Michael Kohlhaas ”. Even more important, however, are Heinrich Zschokke's secret society novel "Abällino the great bandit" (1793; later also as a drama) and above all the multi-volume robber novel " Rinaldo Rinaldini " (1799–1801) by Christian August Vulpius . Pushkin makes direct reference to the latter, in that Dubrovsky is referred to as "Rinaldo" by Prince Werejskijals in Chapter 13.

Adaptations

Musical theater

Film adaptations

  • November 8, 1925 United States : The Eagle ( The Eagle ) . Silent film by Clarence Brown with Rudolph Valentino as Wladimir Dubrowskij and Vilma Bánky as Mascha Trojekurowa. The film was released in German cinemas in 1926.
  • February 26, 1936 Soviet Union : Dubrovsky . A film by Alexander Iwanowski with Boris Liwanow as Vladimir Dubrowskij and Galina Grigorjewa as Mascha Trojekurowa.
  • 1959: The rebel of Samara , original title Dubrowsky / Il vendicatore , Italian-Yugoslav costume film drama by Wilhelm Dieterle with John Forsythe as Wladja Dubrowsky and Rosanna Schiaffino as Mascha Petrowitsch
  • 1989 Soviet Union: The noble robber Vladimir Dubrowskij ( Blagorodny rasboinik Wladimir Dubrowski ). Film by Vyacheslav Nikiforow with Mikhail Yefremov as Vladimir Dubrowskij and Marina Sudina as Mascha Trojekurowa.
  • March 6, 2014 Russia : Dubrovsky . Film by Alexander Wartanow and Kirill Michanowski with Danila Koslowski as Vladimir Dubrowskij and Klawdija Korschunowa as Mascha Trojekurowa.

Radio plays

reception

  • Belinsky and Tschernyschewski would have praised the “masterful, realistic portrayal of customs”, but complained about the robber romance as insufficiently “socially motivated”. It could be possible that this is why Pushkin did not finish the novel, but began the captain's daughter, who was more productive in the objectionable respect .
  • Keil feels the novel is built inhomogeneously. In addition, the villains, ie the old Trojekurov and his son-in-law the “Rococo magnate Prince Werejski”, are drawn more worth reading than the “positive heroes”. Nevertheless, Pushkin did not lapse into “black and white painting” and consistently wrote “very objective and credible”, following the laws of logic.
  • November 12, 2012: Somewhere in Russia around 1820. Pushkin. Dubrowski in "Leo's Literary Maps"

German-language editions

  • Dubrowski . RUB 39. Philipp Reclam jun. Leipzig 1967 (24th edition). 104 pages
  • Dubrowski. A novella. With 10 illustrations by Constance Schendrat. Translated from the Russian by Josi von Koskull . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1953. 119 pages
  • Dubrowski. German by Michael Pfeiffer. With 12 illustrations by Holger Vogt. Afterword by Michael Wegner . Insel-Bücherei No. 634. Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1959. 128 pages

Used edition

  • Dubrovsky. German by Michael Pfeiffer . P. 167–255 in: Alexander Sergejewitsch Puschkin: Novels and Novellas (Vol. 4 in Harald Raab (Ed.): Alexander Sergejewitsch Puschkin: Collected works in six volumes ). Aufbau-Verlag , Berlin and Weimar 1973 (4th edition, 504 pages)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Keil, p. 361, 1. Zvo
  2. ↑ Nathalie von Bessel's translation in the Internet Archive , p. 240
  3. ↑ Edition used, p. 483
  4. ↑ Russian Нащокин, Павел Воинович
  5. ^ Raab in the edition used, p. 483, 8. Zvo
  6. ↑ Edition used, p. 238, 7. Zvo
  7. ↑ Edition used, p. 239, 13. Zvo
  8. ↑ Edition used, p. 185, 14. Zvo
  9. ↑ Edition used, p. 205, 12. Zvo
  10. ↑ Russian Дубровский (опера)
  11. ^ The Eagle. Internet Movie Database , accessed November 10, 2015 .
  12. ↑ Russian Дубровский (фильм, 1936)
  13. ↑ Russian Ивановский, Александр Викторович
  14. ↑ Russian Ливанов, Борис Николаевич
  15. ↑ Russian Галина Григорьева
  16. ^ Dubrovsky (1936). Internet Movie Database , accessed November 10, 2015 .
  17. ↑ Russian. Благородный разбойник Владимир Дубровский
  18. ↑ Russian Никифоров, Вячеслав Александрович
  19. ↑ Russian Зудина, Марина Вячеславовна
  20. ↑ The noble robber Vladimir Dubrovsky. Internet Movie Database , accessed November 10, 2015 .
  21. ↑ Russian Дубровский (фильм, 2014)
  22. ↑ Russian Александр Вартанов
  23. ↑ Russian Михановский, Кирилл
  24. ↑ Russian Коршунова, Клавдия Александровна
  25. ↑ Dubrovsky (2014). Internet Movie Database , accessed November 10, 2015 .
  26. ^ Raab in the edition used, p. 483, 10th Zvu
  27. ↑ Keil, p. 359, 12th Zvu - p. 360, 12th Zvu