European Rail Traffic Management System

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ERTMS ( E uropean R ail T raffic M anagement S ystem ) is the system for the management and control of rail traffic on the routes of the Trans-European Networks (TEN) that is being introduced and expanded . Functionally, it corresponds to the requirements formulated under the term train control system in the German-speaking area. It consists of the components train control system ETCS , which used as a communication system for voice and data mobile radio system GSM-R as well as the mandatory operational rules and regulations relating to the ' traffic operation and management "of specifications for interoperability (Engl. Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI), Subsystem for Operation and Traffic Management (OPE)).

history

The International Union of Railways (UIC) and the European Rail Research Institute (ERRI) began investigations in the mid-1980s in order to develop a Europe-wide uniform operational management concept for railways under the title ERTMS. The development of ERTMS is promoted by UNIFE (Union des Industries Ferroviaires Européennes, Association of the European Railway Industry).

In Europe there were or still exist over 20 different, non-interoperable train control systems, different - sometimes contradicting - operational regulations, different national approval requirements, different procedures for the recognition of train drivers, five different power systems, a number of different and non-interoperable radio and communication systems as well different languages. Cross-border high-speed multiple units now have to be equipped with on-board units for six to eight different train control systems. The main concern of ERTMS is to promote the interoperability of train traffic in Europe.

The technical goals of ERTMS include:

  • the creation of a uniform, standardized European train control system in order to improve interoperability and quickly replace obsolete systems
  • the facilitation of standardization of the operational management through driver's cab signaling
  • an expansion of the market for control and safety technology, with greater options for the customer, using economies of scale (mass production advantages ) and exports for worldwide use
  • the creation of the same security level through standardized security regulations

The EU issued guidelines in 1996 and 2001 , according to which equipment with the train control system ERTMS / ETCS is mandatory on high-speed and conventional lines. Since July 2005 Karel Vinck has been the responsible ERTMS coordinator for the EU.

The standardized guidelines for the functional specification were adopted at a ceremony on April 25, 2000 in Madrid. In autumn 2000 the member states voted to publish this specification as a decision of the European Commission in order to create preliminary legal and planning certainty. Based on this, tests of the six member railways of the ERTMS Users Group should follow.

On March 17, 2005, representatives of the European Commission, the railways and the railway industry signed a letter of intent on ERTMS in Brussels. Accordingly, the system should be implemented on part of the trans-European network within ten to twelve years. From April 4 to 6, 2006, a conference on the introduction of ERTMS was attended by around 700 people in Budapest.

Components

ERTMS consists of the following components:

  • GSM-R (Global System for Mobiles - Railway) - A mobile radio system for voice and data communication between vehicles, mobile devices and fixed facilities, in particular for the data radio defined under ETCS between ETCS centers and trains. It differs from conventional GSM cellular networks by rail-specific extensions that mainly concern safety. The generic term is also used for the new standard extensions ( GPRS , EDGE , LTE-R ).
  • ETCS (European Train Control System) - the train control system , including trackside facilities for information exchange with the signal boxes . This is to prevent trains across Europe from entering too fast or into already occupied route sections.
  • The previously planned component European Traffic Management Layer (ETML) is no longer mentioned since the redesign of the official ERA website in 2018.

Due to the complex political contexts and national reservations, the process of introducing ERTMS had stalled at the beginning of the 2000s after initial successes. Therefore, it was decided to focus on the technical aspects of ETCS as a universal technical basis. After the definition of ETCS Baseline 3 and the practical readiness for use through its release 2 from mid-2016, a large-scale implementation in several countries will be tackled.

The technical specification of ERTMS is adopted by UNISIG (Union Industry of Signaling) and UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer).

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Operation and Traffic Management TSI. European Railway Agency , accessed November 6, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Hans Leister: ETCS and digital technology for interlockings . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International 8–9 / 2017, pp. 417–422 (419).
  3. ↑ Peter Schmied: ETCS system successfully tested on the Vienna - Budapest route . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , issue 1/2000, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 32 f.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Jacques Poré: ERTMS / ETCS - experiences and prospects . In: signal + wire . tape 99 , no. 10 , 2007, ISSN  0037-4997 , p. 34-40 .
  5. ↑ Message ERTMS specification established . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , issue 6/2000, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 275.
  6. ↑ DB AG starts experiments with ETCS level 2 . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , issue 4/2002, ISSN  1421-2811 , pp. 186-189.
  7. ↑ Announcement of the declaration of intent for ERTMS . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , issue 5/2005, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 235.
  8. ^ Peter Winter: UIC conference on the introduction of the European Rail Traffic Management System in Budapest . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 6/2006, ISSN  1421-2811 , pp. 284-285.
  9. ^ Piero Petruccioli: What is ERTMS? Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer, accessed on February 9, 2017 .