Ebers calendar
| New year calendar of Amenhotep I in hieroglyphics | ||||||||||
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Renput-sep-9-her-hem-en-nisut-biti Rnpt-sp-9-hr-hm-n-njswt-bjt |
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Djeser-ka-Re-anch-djet Ḏsr-k3-Rˁ-ˁnḫ-dt New Year's calendar from the ninth day. Djeser-ka-Re (With holy Ka , a Re ) to whom eternal life is given. |
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The New Year 's calendar of Amenophis I or Ebers calendar is on the back of the Ebers papyrus , which was acquired by Georg Ebers in Luxor ( Thebes ) in the winter of 1873 for the Leipzig Museum and published by Ebers a year later. Intermediate palaeographic investigations have shown that the medical records are of older origin and were probably written down during the reign of Pharaoh Ahmose and represent possible copies of older documents. The manuscript is now in the Leipzig University Library .
The Ebers calendar of Amenophis I.
An Egyptian scribe noted on the 9th day of the third Schemu month 1517 BC. The heliacal rise of Sirius . The reason for the additional entry may have been the very rare constellation that the heliacal rising of Sirius took place on New Year's Day of the old Sothis lunar calendar in combination with the day Amenhotep I ascended the throne .
| Ebers calendar | Civil lunar calendar | Egyptian calendar | Date (before calendar reform) / Date (after calendar reform) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Wepet-renpet | 1. Chenti-chet | 9. Scheme III | June 27th / July 2nd |
| 1. Techi | 1. Ipet-hemet | 9. Schemu IV | July 27th / August 1st |
| 1. Menchet | 2. Wepet-renpet | 9. Achet I | August 26th / August 31st |
| 1. Hat-up | 2. Techi | 9. Achet II | September 25th / September 30th |
| 1. Ka-her-ka | 3. Menchet | 9. Achet III | October 25th / October 30th |
| 1. Schef-bedet | 3. Hat-here | 9. Achet IV | November 24th / November 29th |
| 1. Rekeh-who | 4. Ka-her-ka | 9. Peret I | December 24th / December 29th |
| 1. Rekeh-nedjes | 4. Schef-bedet | 9. Peret II | January 23 / January 28 |
| 1. Renutet | 5. Rekeh-who | 9. Peret III | February 22nd / February 27th |
| 1. Chonsu | 5. Rekeh-nedjes | 9. Peret IV | March 24th / March 29th |
| 1. Chenti-chet | 6. Renutet | 9. Schemu I | April 23 / April 28 |
| 1. Ipet-hemet | 6. Chonsu | 9. Schemu II | May 23 / May 28 |
It should be noted that the length of time, for example, of Peret I up to 331 BC. BC, the date of the founding of Alexandria, had already been postponed by three and a half months. Traditionally, the founding date of the city is the 25th Tybi , the first peret month, and according to the then valid calculation, the 7th or 8th April.
literature
- Rolf Krauss: Sothis and moon dates. Studies on the astronomical and technical chronology of ancient Egypt . Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1985, ISBN 3-8067-8086-X .
- Jean Meeus : Astronomical Algorithms - Applications for Ephemeris Tool 4,5 . Barth, Leipzig 2000, ISBN 3-335-00400-0 , calculation program Ephemeris Tool 4.5 .
- Jean Meeus: More Mathematical Astronomy Morsels . Willmann-Bell, Richmond VA 2002, ISBN 0-943396-74-3 .
- Georg Möller : Hieratic palaeography. The development of the Egyptian book script from the fifth dynasty to the Roman Empire 3 volumes. Hinrichs, Leipzig 1909.
- Richard-Anthony Parker: The calendars of ancient Egypt . Chicago Press, Chicago IL 1950.
- Jürgen von Beckerath : Chronology of the pharaonic Egypt. The timing of Egyptian history from prehistoric times to 332 BC Chr. Von Zabern, Mainz 1997. ISBN 3-8053-2310-7 .
Remarks
- ↑ The heliacal ascent took place on June 27, 1517 BC. ( Gregorian calendar ) to July 10, 1517 BC. Chr. ( Proleptic calendar) corresponds.